Non-destructive textural quality assessment of peaches and nectarines using near-infrared spectroscopy integration time

The article addresses the challenge of non-destructively assessing the ripeness and quality of peaches and nectarines, as conventional methods often require invasive testing that can compromise the product. The main objective is to develop a non-destructive method based on near-infrared (NIR) spectr...

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Main Authors: Eva Cristina Correa, Paola Baltazar, Pilar Barreiro, Natalia Hernández-Sánchez, Lourdes Lleó, Ángela Melado-Herreros, Belén Diezma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Applied Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225005074
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author Eva Cristina Correa
Paola Baltazar
Pilar Barreiro
Natalia Hernández-Sánchez
Lourdes Lleó
Ángela Melado-Herreros
Belén Diezma
author_facet Eva Cristina Correa
Paola Baltazar
Pilar Barreiro
Natalia Hernández-Sánchez
Lourdes Lleó
Ángela Melado-Herreros
Belén Diezma
author_sort Eva Cristina Correa
collection DOAJ
description The article addresses the challenge of non-destructively assessing the ripeness and quality of peaches and nectarines, as conventional methods often require invasive testing that can compromise the product. The main objective is to develop a non-destructive method based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy integration time to classify fruit by textural properties throughout the postharvest process. The working hypothesis suggests that NIR integration time, influenced by light scattering properties, is related to the textural characteristics of the fruit.For the study, 725 samples of ten varieties of peaches and nectarines were examined at three stages: just harvested, during the postharvest protocol, and ready-to-eat. Samples underwent both non-destructive NIR spectroscopy (with integration times adjusted for optimal signal-to-noise ratio) and destructive tests, including the Magness-Taylor firmness test and juiciness measurements on absorbent paper. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze textural variability, and discriminant function analysis (DFA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were applied to classify fruit firmness levels.PCA effectively defined a new variable, PC1, that captured the variance in fruit texture, correlating positively with juiciness and negatively with firmness. DFA achieved classification accuracies of 78.22 % for peaches and 72.33 % for nectarines, while ANNs further improved accuracy, achieving over 90 % for both fruits. These findings indicate that integration time, combined with machine learning, is a feasible, efficient method for non-destructive ripeness classification. In conclusion, the integration time parameter shows strong potential as a rapid, non-invasive tool for assessing fruit quality, offering a practical, cost-effective solution for postharvest applications.
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spelling doaj-art-b9c35ba10fa4454da0670284ae4f6fde2025-08-20T03:40:41ZengElsevierApplied Food Research2772-50222025-12-015210120210.1016/j.afres.2025.101202Non-destructive textural quality assessment of peaches and nectarines using near-infrared spectroscopy integration timeEva Cristina Correa0Paola Baltazar1Pilar Barreiro2Natalia Hernández-Sánchez3Lourdes Lleó4Ángela Melado-Herreros5Belén Diezma6Laboratory of physical properties and advanced techniques in agri-food (LPF-TAGRALIA). School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2-4, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author.Laboratory of physical properties and advanced techniques in agri-food (LPF-TAGRALIA). School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2-4, 28040 Madrid, SpainLaboratory of physical properties and advanced techniques in agri-food (LPF-TAGRALIA). School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2-4, 28040 Madrid, SpainLaboratory of physical properties and advanced techniques in agri-food (LPF-TAGRALIA). School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2-4, 28040 Madrid, SpainLaboratory of physical properties and advanced techniques in agri-food (LPF-TAGRALIA). School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2-4, 28040 Madrid, SpainIndependent Researcher, 28150, Madrid, SpainLaboratory of physical properties and advanced techniques in agri-food (LPF-TAGRALIA). School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2-4, 28040 Madrid, SpainThe article addresses the challenge of non-destructively assessing the ripeness and quality of peaches and nectarines, as conventional methods often require invasive testing that can compromise the product. The main objective is to develop a non-destructive method based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy integration time to classify fruit by textural properties throughout the postharvest process. The working hypothesis suggests that NIR integration time, influenced by light scattering properties, is related to the textural characteristics of the fruit.For the study, 725 samples of ten varieties of peaches and nectarines were examined at three stages: just harvested, during the postharvest protocol, and ready-to-eat. Samples underwent both non-destructive NIR spectroscopy (with integration times adjusted for optimal signal-to-noise ratio) and destructive tests, including the Magness-Taylor firmness test and juiciness measurements on absorbent paper. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze textural variability, and discriminant function analysis (DFA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were applied to classify fruit firmness levels.PCA effectively defined a new variable, PC1, that captured the variance in fruit texture, correlating positively with juiciness and negatively with firmness. DFA achieved classification accuracies of 78.22 % for peaches and 72.33 % for nectarines, while ANNs further improved accuracy, achieving over 90 % for both fruits. These findings indicate that integration time, combined with machine learning, is a feasible, efficient method for non-destructive ripeness classification. In conclusion, the integration time parameter shows strong potential as a rapid, non-invasive tool for assessing fruit quality, offering a practical, cost-effective solution for postharvest applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225005074RipenessPostharvestQualityFruitOptical propertiesMachine learning models
spellingShingle Eva Cristina Correa
Paola Baltazar
Pilar Barreiro
Natalia Hernández-Sánchez
Lourdes Lleó
Ángela Melado-Herreros
Belén Diezma
Non-destructive textural quality assessment of peaches and nectarines using near-infrared spectroscopy integration time
Applied Food Research
Ripeness
Postharvest
Quality
Fruit
Optical properties
Machine learning models
title Non-destructive textural quality assessment of peaches and nectarines using near-infrared spectroscopy integration time
title_full Non-destructive textural quality assessment of peaches and nectarines using near-infrared spectroscopy integration time
title_fullStr Non-destructive textural quality assessment of peaches and nectarines using near-infrared spectroscopy integration time
title_full_unstemmed Non-destructive textural quality assessment of peaches and nectarines using near-infrared spectroscopy integration time
title_short Non-destructive textural quality assessment of peaches and nectarines using near-infrared spectroscopy integration time
title_sort non destructive textural quality assessment of peaches and nectarines using near infrared spectroscopy integration time
topic Ripeness
Postharvest
Quality
Fruit
Optical properties
Machine learning models
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225005074
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