Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryos
Iprodione (IDN) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to treat various fungal infections in plants. Despite its extensive use, assessment of its toxicity in aquatic organisms remains incomplete. This study investigated the deleterious effects of IDN using zebrafish (ZF) as a model organism. ZF embryos,...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-10-01
|
| Series: | Fishes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/425 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850217348527554560 |
|---|---|
| author | Chang-Young Yoon Kyongmi Chon Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti Sojeong Hwang Kyeong-Hun Park Kee Sung Kyung |
| author_facet | Chang-Young Yoon Kyongmi Chon Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti Sojeong Hwang Kyeong-Hun Park Kee Sung Kyung |
| author_sort | Chang-Young Yoon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iprodione (IDN) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to treat various fungal infections in plants. Despite its extensive use, assessment of its toxicity in aquatic organisms remains incomplete. This study investigated the deleterious effects of IDN using zebrafish (ZF) as a model organism. ZF embryos, beginning at 2 h post-fertilization (hpf), were exposed to IDN (3.75–40 mg/L), and both mortality and deformities were assessed. The impact of IDN on mortality was concentration-dependent and significant from 14 mg/L. Importantly, IDN induced several deformities at sublethal concentrations, including abnormal somites, reduced retinal pigment accumulation, yolk sac edema, hatching failure, abnormal swim bladders, and spinal curvature. The EC<sub>50</sub> values for IDN-induced deformities were 3.44 ± 0.74 to 21.42 ± 6.00 mg/L. The calculated teratogenic index values for all deformities were above 1, indicating that IDN is teratogenic to ZF. IDN-exposed ZF also displayed abnormalities in touch-evoked escape responses. IDN significantly affected heart rate and blood flow, and induced pericardial edema and hyperemia in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting its influence on cardiac development and the function of ZF. In conclusion, these results suggest that IDN exerts toxic effects on ZF embryos, affecting mortality, development, and behavior. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b9c2eec09805496ea293d297f0d6bb6f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj-art-b9c2eec09805496ea293d297f0d6bb6f2025-08-20T02:08:04ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882024-10-0191142510.3390/fishes9110425Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) EmbryosChang-Young Yoon0Kyongmi Chon1Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti2Sojeong Hwang3Kyeong-Hun Park4Kee Sung Kyung5Toxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of KoreaToxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of KoreaToxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of KoreaToxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of KoreaToxicity and Risk Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaIprodione (IDN) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to treat various fungal infections in plants. Despite its extensive use, assessment of its toxicity in aquatic organisms remains incomplete. This study investigated the deleterious effects of IDN using zebrafish (ZF) as a model organism. ZF embryos, beginning at 2 h post-fertilization (hpf), were exposed to IDN (3.75–40 mg/L), and both mortality and deformities were assessed. The impact of IDN on mortality was concentration-dependent and significant from 14 mg/L. Importantly, IDN induced several deformities at sublethal concentrations, including abnormal somites, reduced retinal pigment accumulation, yolk sac edema, hatching failure, abnormal swim bladders, and spinal curvature. The EC<sub>50</sub> values for IDN-induced deformities were 3.44 ± 0.74 to 21.42 ± 6.00 mg/L. The calculated teratogenic index values for all deformities were above 1, indicating that IDN is teratogenic to ZF. IDN-exposed ZF also displayed abnormalities in touch-evoked escape responses. IDN significantly affected heart rate and blood flow, and induced pericardial edema and hyperemia in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting its influence on cardiac development and the function of ZF. In conclusion, these results suggest that IDN exerts toxic effects on ZF embryos, affecting mortality, development, and behavior.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/425cardiac toxicityembryo toxicityiprodionepesticideteratogenicityzebrafish |
| spellingShingle | Chang-Young Yoon Kyongmi Chon Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti Sojeong Hwang Kyeong-Hun Park Kee Sung Kyung Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryos Fishes cardiac toxicity embryo toxicity iprodione pesticide teratogenicity zebrafish |
| title | Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryos |
| title_full | Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryos |
| title_fullStr | Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryos |
| title_short | Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione on Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) Embryos |
| title_sort | developmental toxicity and teratogenic effects of dicarboximide fungicide iprodione on zebrafish i danio rerio i embryos |
| topic | cardiac toxicity embryo toxicity iprodione pesticide teratogenicity zebrafish |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/11/425 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT changyoungyoon developmentaltoxicityandteratogeniceffectsofdicarboximidefungicideiprodioneonzebrafishidaniorerioiembryos AT kyongmichon developmentaltoxicityandteratogeniceffectsofdicarboximidefungicideiprodioneonzebrafishidaniorerioiembryos AT balamuralikrishnavasamsetti developmentaltoxicityandteratogeniceffectsofdicarboximidefungicideiprodioneonzebrafishidaniorerioiembryos AT sojeonghwang developmentaltoxicityandteratogeniceffectsofdicarboximidefungicideiprodioneonzebrafishidaniorerioiembryos AT kyeonghunpark developmentaltoxicityandteratogeniceffectsofdicarboximidefungicideiprodioneonzebrafishidaniorerioiembryos AT keesungkyung developmentaltoxicityandteratogeniceffectsofdicarboximidefungicideiprodioneonzebrafishidaniorerioiembryos |