Effects of Different Safety Vent Bursting Pressures on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Process and Reaction Product Compositions

With the accelerated application of lithium-ion batteries, the design and optimization of their safety features have become increasingly important. However, the mechanisms by which different safety vent bursting pressures affect thermal runaway and its product compositions remain unclear. This study...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Honggang Sun, Gang Li, Haoran Zhao, Yuchong Yang, Chunmiao Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1173
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850225261038010368
author Honggang Sun
Gang Li
Haoran Zhao
Yuchong Yang
Chunmiao Yuan
author_facet Honggang Sun
Gang Li
Haoran Zhao
Yuchong Yang
Chunmiao Yuan
author_sort Honggang Sun
collection DOAJ
description With the accelerated application of lithium-ion batteries, the design and optimization of their safety features have become increasingly important. However, the mechanisms by which different safety vent bursting pressures affect thermal runaway and its product compositions remain unclear. This study comparatively investigates the effects of safety vent bursting pressures of 1 MPa, 2 MPa, and 3 MPa on thermal runaway characteristics and product compositions. The results indicate that, under these three conditions, the safety vent bursts at approximately 800 s, 1000 s, and 1300 s after heating begins, with gas volumes of 5.3 L, 6.1 L, and 6.5 L, respectively. Additionally, higher bursting pressures lead to increased H<sub>2</sub> production during thermal runaway. The characterization of solid product compositions reveals that the aluminum current collector participates in internal thermal runaway reactions, resulting in substances such as LiAlO<sub>2</sub> or metallic Al in the solid products under different bursting pressures. This study provides important references for improving existing battery safety standards and optimizing battery safety designs. It also provides insights and references for metal recovery from batteries and investigations into battery fires.
format Article
id doaj-art-b9b9c867fd0e4d90a9d09c58fe75cc74
institution OA Journals
issn 1996-1073
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Energies
spelling doaj-art-b9b9c867fd0e4d90a9d09c58fe75cc742025-08-20T02:05:24ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-02-01185117310.3390/en18051173Effects of Different Safety Vent Bursting Pressures on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Process and Reaction Product CompositionsHonggang Sun0Gang Li1Haoran Zhao2Yuchong Yang3Chunmiao Yuan4Fire & Explosion Protection Laboratory, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaFire & Explosion Protection Laboratory, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaFire & Explosion Protection Laboratory, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaFire & Explosion Protection Laboratory, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaFire & Explosion Protection Laboratory, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaWith the accelerated application of lithium-ion batteries, the design and optimization of their safety features have become increasingly important. However, the mechanisms by which different safety vent bursting pressures affect thermal runaway and its product compositions remain unclear. This study comparatively investigates the effects of safety vent bursting pressures of 1 MPa, 2 MPa, and 3 MPa on thermal runaway characteristics and product compositions. The results indicate that, under these three conditions, the safety vent bursts at approximately 800 s, 1000 s, and 1300 s after heating begins, with gas volumes of 5.3 L, 6.1 L, and 6.5 L, respectively. Additionally, higher bursting pressures lead to increased H<sub>2</sub> production during thermal runaway. The characterization of solid product compositions reveals that the aluminum current collector participates in internal thermal runaway reactions, resulting in substances such as LiAlO<sub>2</sub> or metallic Al in the solid products under different bursting pressures. This study provides important references for improving existing battery safety standards and optimizing battery safety designs. It also provides insights and references for metal recovery from batteries and investigations into battery fires.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1173lithium-ion batteriesthermal runawaysafety vent bursting pressurereaction product composition
spellingShingle Honggang Sun
Gang Li
Haoran Zhao
Yuchong Yang
Chunmiao Yuan
Effects of Different Safety Vent Bursting Pressures on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Process and Reaction Product Compositions
Energies
lithium-ion batteries
thermal runaway
safety vent bursting pressure
reaction product composition
title Effects of Different Safety Vent Bursting Pressures on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Process and Reaction Product Compositions
title_full Effects of Different Safety Vent Bursting Pressures on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Process and Reaction Product Compositions
title_fullStr Effects of Different Safety Vent Bursting Pressures on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Process and Reaction Product Compositions
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Different Safety Vent Bursting Pressures on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Process and Reaction Product Compositions
title_short Effects of Different Safety Vent Bursting Pressures on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Process and Reaction Product Compositions
title_sort effects of different safety vent bursting pressures on lithium ion battery thermal runaway process and reaction product compositions
topic lithium-ion batteries
thermal runaway
safety vent bursting pressure
reaction product composition
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1173
work_keys_str_mv AT honggangsun effectsofdifferentsafetyventburstingpressuresonlithiumionbatterythermalrunawayprocessandreactionproductcompositions
AT gangli effectsofdifferentsafetyventburstingpressuresonlithiumionbatterythermalrunawayprocessandreactionproductcompositions
AT haoranzhao effectsofdifferentsafetyventburstingpressuresonlithiumionbatterythermalrunawayprocessandreactionproductcompositions
AT yuchongyang effectsofdifferentsafetyventburstingpressuresonlithiumionbatterythermalrunawayprocessandreactionproductcompositions
AT chunmiaoyuan effectsofdifferentsafetyventburstingpressuresonlithiumionbatterythermalrunawayprocessandreactionproductcompositions