The role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites: a new predictor in diabetes and its complications

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is easy to trigger many organ or system lesions, which can lead to various metabolic diseases, such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic liver disease, diabetic cardiovascular disease, diabetic foot, etc. Due to the easy availability of stool and blood samples fr...

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Main Authors: Kaile Wu, Yang Xiao, Tianjun Zhang, Yunlong Bai, Meiling Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:European Journal of Medical Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02824-9
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author Kaile Wu
Yang Xiao
Tianjun Zhang
Yunlong Bai
Meiling Yan
author_facet Kaile Wu
Yang Xiao
Tianjun Zhang
Yunlong Bai
Meiling Yan
author_sort Kaile Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is easy to trigger many organ or system lesions, which can lead to various metabolic diseases, such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic liver disease, diabetic cardiovascular disease, diabetic foot, etc. Due to the easy availability of stool and blood samples from patients, the study of gut microbes and their metabolites are progressing rapidly. The relationship between pathophysiological alterations of metabolic disorders and gut microbiota composition provides new approaches to precisely identify disease dynamics and refine disease treatment strategies. The aim of this review is to investigate the association between T2D with its complications and gut microbiota. Gut microbial metabolites are a new class of signaling molecules, and the mechanisms and pathways of their signal transduction have also been extensively studied. As a result, we will focus on the characteristics of gut microbiota and its metabolites in metabolic diseases as well as the relationship between gut barrier theory and the circulation of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in vivo. In addition, we elucidate the potential applicability of these characterizations and molecular mechanisms in clinical and pharmacological environment, analyzing their feasibility as predictive molecules for health management and clinically accurate predictions in daily life.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2047-783X
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series European Journal of Medical Research
spelling doaj-art-b9b6645384804a71ab633dbd007842f02025-08-20T04:01:56ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2025-07-0130112010.1186/s40001-025-02824-9The role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites: a new predictor in diabetes and its complicationsKaile Wu0Yang Xiao1Tianjun Zhang2Yunlong Bai3Meiling Yan4Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineKey Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineKey Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityHuadu District People’s Hospital of GuangzhouGuangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineKey Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineKey Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityAbstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is easy to trigger many organ or system lesions, which can lead to various metabolic diseases, such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic liver disease, diabetic cardiovascular disease, diabetic foot, etc. Due to the easy availability of stool and blood samples from patients, the study of gut microbes and their metabolites are progressing rapidly. The relationship between pathophysiological alterations of metabolic disorders and gut microbiota composition provides new approaches to precisely identify disease dynamics and refine disease treatment strategies. The aim of this review is to investigate the association between T2D with its complications and gut microbiota. Gut microbial metabolites are a new class of signaling molecules, and the mechanisms and pathways of their signal transduction have also been extensively studied. As a result, we will focus on the characteristics of gut microbiota and its metabolites in metabolic diseases as well as the relationship between gut barrier theory and the circulation of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in vivo. In addition, we elucidate the potential applicability of these characterizations and molecular mechanisms in clinical and pharmacological environment, analyzing their feasibility as predictive molecules for health management and clinically accurate predictions in daily life.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02824-9Gut microbiotaMetabolic disorderT2DHealth managementGut microbiota metabolitesGut barrier
spellingShingle Kaile Wu
Yang Xiao
Tianjun Zhang
Yunlong Bai
Meiling Yan
The role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites: a new predictor in diabetes and its complications
European Journal of Medical Research
Gut microbiota
Metabolic disorder
T2D
Health management
Gut microbiota metabolites
Gut barrier
title The role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites: a new predictor in diabetes and its complications
title_full The role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites: a new predictor in diabetes and its complications
title_fullStr The role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites: a new predictor in diabetes and its complications
title_full_unstemmed The role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites: a new predictor in diabetes and its complications
title_short The role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites: a new predictor in diabetes and its complications
title_sort role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites a new predictor in diabetes and its complications
topic Gut microbiota
Metabolic disorder
T2D
Health management
Gut microbiota metabolites
Gut barrier
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02824-9
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