Field Testing Multi-Parametric Wearable Technologies for Wildfire Firefighting Applications

In response to the escalating complexity and frequency of wildland fires, this study investigates the feasibility of using wearable devices for real-time monitoring of cardiac, respiratory, physical, and environmental parameters during live wildfire suppression tasks. Data were collected from twelve...

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Main Authors: Mariangela Pinnelli, Stefano Marsella, Fabio Tossut, Emiliano Schena, Roberto Setola, Carlo Massaroni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3066
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author Mariangela Pinnelli
Stefano Marsella
Fabio Tossut
Emiliano Schena
Roberto Setola
Carlo Massaroni
author_facet Mariangela Pinnelli
Stefano Marsella
Fabio Tossut
Emiliano Schena
Roberto Setola
Carlo Massaroni
author_sort Mariangela Pinnelli
collection DOAJ
description In response to the escalating complexity and frequency of wildland fires, this study investigates the feasibility of using wearable devices for real-time monitoring of cardiac, respiratory, physical, and environmental parameters during live wildfire suppression tasks. Data were collected from twelve male firefighters (FFs) from the Italian National Fire Corp during a simulated protocol, including rest, running, and active fire suppression phases. Physiological and physical metrics such as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory frequency (f<sub>R</sub>) and physical activity levels were extracted using chest straps. The protocol designed to mimic real-world firefighting scenarios revealed significant cardiovascular and respiratory strain, with <i>HR</i> often exceeding 85% of age-predicted maxima and sustained elevations in high-stress roles. Recovery phases highlighted variability in physiological responses, with reduced HRV indicating heightened autonomic stress. Additionally, physical activity analysis showed task-dependent intensity variations, with debris management roles exhibiting consistently high exertion levels. These findings demonstrate the relevance of wearable technology for real-time monitoring, providing an accurate analysis of key metrics to offer a comprehensive overview of work-rest cycles, informing role-specific training and operational strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-b9b59e4a35104f33925527f0398b02b82025-08-20T03:48:02ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510306610.3390/s25103066Field Testing Multi-Parametric Wearable Technologies for Wildfire Firefighting ApplicationsMariangela Pinnelli0Stefano Marsella1Fabio Tossut2Emiliano Schena3Roberto Setola4Carlo Massaroni5Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, ItalyItalian Firefighting Corp, Piazza del Viminale, 1, 00184 Rome, ItalyItalian Firefighting Corp, Piazza del Viminale, 1, 00184 Rome, ItalyUnit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, ItalyUnit of Automatic Control, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, ItalyUnit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, ItalyIn response to the escalating complexity and frequency of wildland fires, this study investigates the feasibility of using wearable devices for real-time monitoring of cardiac, respiratory, physical, and environmental parameters during live wildfire suppression tasks. Data were collected from twelve male firefighters (FFs) from the Italian National Fire Corp during a simulated protocol, including rest, running, and active fire suppression phases. Physiological and physical metrics such as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory frequency (f<sub>R</sub>) and physical activity levels were extracted using chest straps. The protocol designed to mimic real-world firefighting scenarios revealed significant cardiovascular and respiratory strain, with <i>HR</i> often exceeding 85% of age-predicted maxima and sustained elevations in high-stress roles. Recovery phases highlighted variability in physiological responses, with reduced HRV indicating heightened autonomic stress. Additionally, physical activity analysis showed task-dependent intensity variations, with debris management roles exhibiting consistently high exertion levels. These findings demonstrate the relevance of wearable technology for real-time monitoring, providing an accurate analysis of key metrics to offer a comprehensive overview of work-rest cycles, informing role-specific training and operational strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3066wearable technologyphysical monitoringphysiological monitoringlive fire trainingwildland firefighting
spellingShingle Mariangela Pinnelli
Stefano Marsella
Fabio Tossut
Emiliano Schena
Roberto Setola
Carlo Massaroni
Field Testing Multi-Parametric Wearable Technologies for Wildfire Firefighting Applications
Sensors
wearable technology
physical monitoring
physiological monitoring
live fire training
wildland firefighting
title Field Testing Multi-Parametric Wearable Technologies for Wildfire Firefighting Applications
title_full Field Testing Multi-Parametric Wearable Technologies for Wildfire Firefighting Applications
title_fullStr Field Testing Multi-Parametric Wearable Technologies for Wildfire Firefighting Applications
title_full_unstemmed Field Testing Multi-Parametric Wearable Technologies for Wildfire Firefighting Applications
title_short Field Testing Multi-Parametric Wearable Technologies for Wildfire Firefighting Applications
title_sort field testing multi parametric wearable technologies for wildfire firefighting applications
topic wearable technology
physical monitoring
physiological monitoring
live fire training
wildland firefighting
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3066
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