Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Baru Nut Oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) Nanoemulsion in Human Cells

Baru nut oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) is a lipidic extract from a species endemic to the Cerrado biome, renowned for its antioxidant potential. This study aimed to develop a nanoemulsion containing baru nut oil (BNON) using lecithin and polysorbate 80, and to evaluate its antioxidan...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: José Queiroz, Arthur Figueredo, Bruno Silva Sá, Daniel Carneiro Moreira, João Bueno Nunes, Peter Eaton, José Roberto Souza de Almeida Leite, Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Nano
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/1/3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850204883920093184
author José Queiroz
Arthur Figueredo
Bruno Silva Sá
Daniel Carneiro Moreira
João Bueno Nunes
Peter Eaton
José Roberto Souza de Almeida Leite
Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos
author_facet José Queiroz
Arthur Figueredo
Bruno Silva Sá
Daniel Carneiro Moreira
João Bueno Nunes
Peter Eaton
José Roberto Souza de Almeida Leite
Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos
author_sort José Queiroz
collection DOAJ
description Baru nut oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) is a lipidic extract from a species endemic to the Cerrado biome, renowned for its antioxidant potential. This study aimed to develop a nanoemulsion containing baru nut oil (BNON) using lecithin and polysorbate 80, and to evaluate its antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. The physicochemical properties of BNON were characterized, and its cytotoxicity was assessed in human erythrocytes and keratinocytes. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method and inhibition of AAPH-induced hemolysis. BNON exhibited a droplet size of 530.1 ± 20.48 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.496 ± 0.057, and a zeta potential of −35.7 ± 2.19 mV. Free baru nut oil showed no cytotoxicity to keratinocytes or erythrocytes within the concentration ranges tested (1.0–0.031 mg/mL and 0.8–0.006 mg/mL, respectively). In contrast, BNON displayed cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes and erythrocytes only at the highest tested concentration. Atomic force microscopy analysis of erythrocytes from the hemolysis assay revealed normal morphology for cells treated with free oil at 0.8 mg/mL, whereas cells treated with BNON at the same concentration exhibited a slightly widened concave center. Free oil at 0.8 mg/mL significantly protected erythrocytes from AAPH-induced hemolysis, while BNON did not. However, BNON (5 mg/mL) demonstrated free radical scavenging activity, quantified at 0.0074 mg Trolox equivalents/mg via the DPPH assay. These findings suggest that baru nut oil has potential as an antioxidant product, although further optimization of the nanoformulation is required.
format Article
id doaj-art-b9b4c35d6b9b44ac93e83bf97104a7d4
institution OA Journals
issn 2673-3501
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Nano
spelling doaj-art-b9b4c35d6b9b44ac93e83bf97104a7d42025-08-20T02:11:12ZengMDPI AGApplied Nano2673-35012025-02-0161310.3390/applnano6010003Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Baru Nut Oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) Nanoemulsion in Human CellsJosé Queiroz0Arthur Figueredo1Bruno Silva Sá2Daniel Carneiro Moreira3João Bueno Nunes4Peter Eaton5José Roberto Souza de Almeida Leite6Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos7Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Area of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, BrazilUnified Education Center of the Federal District (UDF), Brasilia 70390045, BrazilResearch Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Area of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, BrazilResearch Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Area of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, BrazilLaboratory for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília 70910900, BrazilThe Bridge and School of Natural Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7EL, UKResearch Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Area of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, BrazilResearch Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Area of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine (FM), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia 70910-900, BrazilBaru nut oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) is a lipidic extract from a species endemic to the Cerrado biome, renowned for its antioxidant potential. This study aimed to develop a nanoemulsion containing baru nut oil (BNON) using lecithin and polysorbate 80, and to evaluate its antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. The physicochemical properties of BNON were characterized, and its cytotoxicity was assessed in human erythrocytes and keratinocytes. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method and inhibition of AAPH-induced hemolysis. BNON exhibited a droplet size of 530.1 ± 20.48 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.496 ± 0.057, and a zeta potential of −35.7 ± 2.19 mV. Free baru nut oil showed no cytotoxicity to keratinocytes or erythrocytes within the concentration ranges tested (1.0–0.031 mg/mL and 0.8–0.006 mg/mL, respectively). In contrast, BNON displayed cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes and erythrocytes only at the highest tested concentration. Atomic force microscopy analysis of erythrocytes from the hemolysis assay revealed normal morphology for cells treated with free oil at 0.8 mg/mL, whereas cells treated with BNON at the same concentration exhibited a slightly widened concave center. Free oil at 0.8 mg/mL significantly protected erythrocytes from AAPH-induced hemolysis, while BNON did not. However, BNON (5 mg/mL) demonstrated free radical scavenging activity, quantified at 0.0074 mg Trolox equivalents/mg via the DPPH assay. These findings suggest that baru nut oil has potential as an antioxidant product, although further optimization of the nanoformulation is required.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/1/3biosafetyfree radical scavengingnanotechnologynatural productsoxidative stress
spellingShingle José Queiroz
Arthur Figueredo
Bruno Silva Sá
Daniel Carneiro Moreira
João Bueno Nunes
Peter Eaton
José Roberto Souza de Almeida Leite
Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos
Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Baru Nut Oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) Nanoemulsion in Human Cells
Applied Nano
biosafety
free radical scavenging
nanotechnology
natural products
oxidative stress
title Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Baru Nut Oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) Nanoemulsion in Human Cells
title_full Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Baru Nut Oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) Nanoemulsion in Human Cells
title_fullStr Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Baru Nut Oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) Nanoemulsion in Human Cells
title_full_unstemmed Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Baru Nut Oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) Nanoemulsion in Human Cells
title_short Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Baru Nut Oil (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) Nanoemulsion in Human Cells
title_sort antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of baru nut oil i dipteryx alata i vogel nanoemulsion in human cells
topic biosafety
free radical scavenging
nanotechnology
natural products
oxidative stress
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/1/3
work_keys_str_mv AT josequeiroz antioxidantactivityandcytotoxicityofbarunutoilidipteryxalataivogelnanoemulsioninhumancells
AT arthurfigueredo antioxidantactivityandcytotoxicityofbarunutoilidipteryxalataivogelnanoemulsioninhumancells
AT brunosilvasa antioxidantactivityandcytotoxicityofbarunutoilidipteryxalataivogelnanoemulsioninhumancells
AT danielcarneiromoreira antioxidantactivityandcytotoxicityofbarunutoilidipteryxalataivogelnanoemulsioninhumancells
AT joaobuenonunes antioxidantactivityandcytotoxicityofbarunutoilidipteryxalataivogelnanoemulsioninhumancells
AT petereaton antioxidantactivityandcytotoxicityofbarunutoilidipteryxalataivogelnanoemulsioninhumancells
AT joserobertosouzadealmeidaleite antioxidantactivityandcytotoxicityofbarunutoilidipteryxalataivogelnanoemulsioninhumancells
AT andreannegomesvasconcelos antioxidantactivityandcytotoxicityofbarunutoilidipteryxalataivogelnanoemulsioninhumancells