Positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities
Abstract Background Temperature increases in the context of climate change affect numerous mental health outcomes. One such relevant outcome is involuntary admissions as these often relate to severe (life)threatening psychiatric conditions. Due to a shortage of studies into this topic, relationshi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | European Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824018005/type/journal_article |
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| author | Noah L. Joore Marte Z. van der Horst Eric O. Noorthoorn Jurriaan F.M. Strous Fleur J. Vruwink Sinan Guloksuz Peter C. Siegmund Jurjen J. Luykx |
| author_facet | Noah L. Joore Marte Z. van der Horst Eric O. Noorthoorn Jurriaan F.M. Strous Fleur J. Vruwink Sinan Guloksuz Peter C. Siegmund Jurjen J. Luykx |
| author_sort | Noah L. Joore |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Abstract
Background
Temperature increases in the context of climate change affect numerous mental health outcomes. One such relevant outcome is involuntary admissions as these often relate to severe (life)threatening psychiatric conditions. Due to a shortage of studies into this topic, relationships between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions have remained largely elusive.
Aims
To examine associations between involuntary admissions to psychiatric institutions and various meteorological variables.
Methods
Involuntary admissions data from 23 psychiatric institutions in the Netherlands were linked to meteorological data from their respective weather stations. Generalized additive models were used, integrating a restricted maximum likelihood method and thin plate regression splines to preserve generalizability and minimize the risk of overfitting. We thus conducted univariable, seasonally stratified, multivariable, and lagged analyses.
Results
A total of 13,746 involuntary admissions were included over 21,549 days. In univariable and multivariable models, we found significant positive associations with involuntary admissions for ambient temperature and windspeed, with projected increases of up to 0.94% in involuntary admissions per degree Celsius temperature elevation. In the univariable analyses using all data, the strongest associations in terms of significance and explained variance were found for mean ambient temperature (p = 2.5 × 10−6, Variance Explained [r
2] = 0.096%) and maximum ambient temperature (p = 8.65 × 10−4, r
2 = 0.072%). We did not find evidence that the lagged associations explain the associations for ambient temperature better than the direct associations.
Conclusion
Mean ambient temperature is consistently but weakly associated with involuntary psychiatric admissions. Our findings set the stage for further epidemiological and mechanistic studies into this topic, as well as for modeling studies examining future involuntary psychiatric admissions.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b99eac7bab0546f1882794ba38149c7b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0924-9338 1778-3585 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-b99eac7bab0546f1882794ba38149c7b2025-01-16T21:49:22ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Psychiatry0924-93381778-35852025-01-016810.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1800Positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilitiesNoah L. Joore0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2138-3104Marte Z. van der Horst1Eric O. Noorthoorn2Jurriaan F.M. Strous3Fleur J. Vruwink4Sinan Guloksuz5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6626-1874Peter C. Siegmund6Jurjen J. Luykx7Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands GGNet Community Mental Health Centre, Warnsveld, The NetherlandsGGNet Community Mental Health Centre, Warnsveld, The Netherlands Department of Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Lentis Community Mental Health Care, Groningen, The NetherlandsMediant Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg, Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USAKNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Department of Weather and Climate Services, De Bilt, The NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep Program, Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Mental Health Program, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands GGZ inGeest Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Abstract Background Temperature increases in the context of climate change affect numerous mental health outcomes. One such relevant outcome is involuntary admissions as these often relate to severe (life)threatening psychiatric conditions. Due to a shortage of studies into this topic, relationships between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions have remained largely elusive. Aims To examine associations between involuntary admissions to psychiatric institutions and various meteorological variables. Methods Involuntary admissions data from 23 psychiatric institutions in the Netherlands were linked to meteorological data from their respective weather stations. Generalized additive models were used, integrating a restricted maximum likelihood method and thin plate regression splines to preserve generalizability and minimize the risk of overfitting. We thus conducted univariable, seasonally stratified, multivariable, and lagged analyses. Results A total of 13,746 involuntary admissions were included over 21,549 days. In univariable and multivariable models, we found significant positive associations with involuntary admissions for ambient temperature and windspeed, with projected increases of up to 0.94% in involuntary admissions per degree Celsius temperature elevation. In the univariable analyses using all data, the strongest associations in terms of significance and explained variance were found for mean ambient temperature (p = 2.5 × 10−6, Variance Explained [r 2] = 0.096%) and maximum ambient temperature (p = 8.65 × 10−4, r 2 = 0.072%). We did not find evidence that the lagged associations explain the associations for ambient temperature better than the direct associations. Conclusion Mean ambient temperature is consistently but weakly associated with involuntary psychiatric admissions. Our findings set the stage for further epidemiological and mechanistic studies into this topic, as well as for modeling studies examining future involuntary psychiatric admissions. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824018005/type/journal_articleambient temperatureclimate changegeneralized additive modelsinvoluntary admissionsmental healthmeteorological variablespsychiatry |
| spellingShingle | Noah L. Joore Marte Z. van der Horst Eric O. Noorthoorn Jurriaan F.M. Strous Fleur J. Vruwink Sinan Guloksuz Peter C. Siegmund Jurjen J. Luykx Positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities European Psychiatry ambient temperature climate change generalized additive models involuntary admissions mental health meteorological variables psychiatry |
| title | Positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities |
| title_full | Positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities |
| title_fullStr | Positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities |
| title_short | Positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities |
| title_sort | positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities |
| topic | ambient temperature climate change generalized additive models involuntary admissions mental health meteorological variables psychiatry |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824018005/type/journal_article |
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