What Do We Know About <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Oxidative Stress? Resistance, Virulence, New Targets, and Therapeutic Alternatives
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is associated with human infections, being a resistant bacterium involved in serious infections, and its virulence and resistance are linked to oxidative stress. In this study, we review the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this bacterium and i...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/5/390 |
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| author | Mírian Letícia Carmo Bastos Gleison Gonçalves Ferreira Isis de Oliveira Kosmiscky Ieda Maria Louzada Guedes José Augusto Pereira Carneiro Muniz Liliane Almeida Carneiro Ísis Lins de Carvalho Peralta Marcia Nazaré Miranda Bahia Cintya de Oliveira Souza Maria Fâni Dolabela |
| author_facet | Mírian Letícia Carmo Bastos Gleison Gonçalves Ferreira Isis de Oliveira Kosmiscky Ieda Maria Louzada Guedes José Augusto Pereira Carneiro Muniz Liliane Almeida Carneiro Ísis Lins de Carvalho Peralta Marcia Nazaré Miranda Bahia Cintya de Oliveira Souza Maria Fâni Dolabela |
| author_sort | Mírian Letícia Carmo Bastos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is associated with human infections, being a resistant bacterium involved in serious infections, and its virulence and resistance are linked to oxidative stress. In this study, we review the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this bacterium and its influence on immune system evasion, antibiotic resistance, and pharmacological targeting. <i>S. aureus</i> infection generates an intense inflammatory response in the host, evidenced by the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, the exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular oxidative stress. However, the bacterium develops protective mechanisms against damage, including the production of endogenous antioxidants, the formation of biofilms, and the regulation of redox metabolism, favoring pathogenicity and drug resistance. Resistance seems to be related to alterations in redox metabolism, which influences the sensitization of the immune system. Modulation of the redox response has emerged as a promising approach for developing new antibiotics and formulating more effective combination therapies to combat resistant infections. Natural compounds, including flavonoids, terpenes, and quinones, have demonstrated antibacterial properties by inducing oxidative stress in <i>S. aureus</i>. In summary, the involvement of oxidative stress is complex, with an increase in ROS in the infection and a reduction in immune system evasion and resistance, which could be an interesting therapeutic target. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b99e65c9ef034cca8db975435cc2ced3 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-b99e65c9ef034cca8db975435cc2ced32025-08-20T01:56:45ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-05-0113539010.3390/toxics13050390What Do We Know About <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Oxidative Stress? Resistance, Virulence, New Targets, and Therapeutic AlternativesMírian Letícia Carmo Bastos0Gleison Gonçalves Ferreira1Isis de Oliveira Kosmiscky2Ieda Maria Louzada Guedes3José Augusto Pereira Carneiro Muniz4Liliane Almeida Carneiro5Ísis Lins de Carvalho Peralta6Marcia Nazaré Miranda Bahia7Cintya de Oliveira Souza8Maria Fâni Dolabela9Biodiversity and Biotechnology Bionorte Network, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilCenter for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilBrazilian National Primate Center, Ananindeua 67030-970, PA, BrazilBrazilian National Primate Center, Ananindeua 67030-970, PA, BrazilBacteriology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, BrazilBacteriology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, BrazilBacteriology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, BrazilBiodiversity and Biotechnology Bionorte Network, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is associated with human infections, being a resistant bacterium involved in serious infections, and its virulence and resistance are linked to oxidative stress. In this study, we review the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this bacterium and its influence on immune system evasion, antibiotic resistance, and pharmacological targeting. <i>S. aureus</i> infection generates an intense inflammatory response in the host, evidenced by the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, the exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular oxidative stress. However, the bacterium develops protective mechanisms against damage, including the production of endogenous antioxidants, the formation of biofilms, and the regulation of redox metabolism, favoring pathogenicity and drug resistance. Resistance seems to be related to alterations in redox metabolism, which influences the sensitization of the immune system. Modulation of the redox response has emerged as a promising approach for developing new antibiotics and formulating more effective combination therapies to combat resistant infections. Natural compounds, including flavonoids, terpenes, and quinones, have demonstrated antibacterial properties by inducing oxidative stress in <i>S. aureus</i>. In summary, the involvement of oxidative stress is complex, with an increase in ROS in the infection and a reduction in immune system evasion and resistance, which could be an interesting therapeutic target.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/5/390<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>oxidative stressantimicrobial resistancebiofilmreactive oxygen speciesalternative therapies |
| spellingShingle | Mírian Letícia Carmo Bastos Gleison Gonçalves Ferreira Isis de Oliveira Kosmiscky Ieda Maria Louzada Guedes José Augusto Pereira Carneiro Muniz Liliane Almeida Carneiro Ísis Lins de Carvalho Peralta Marcia Nazaré Miranda Bahia Cintya de Oliveira Souza Maria Fâni Dolabela What Do We Know About <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Oxidative Stress? Resistance, Virulence, New Targets, and Therapeutic Alternatives Toxics <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> oxidative stress antimicrobial resistance biofilm reactive oxygen species alternative therapies |
| title | What Do We Know About <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Oxidative Stress? Resistance, Virulence, New Targets, and Therapeutic Alternatives |
| title_full | What Do We Know About <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Oxidative Stress? Resistance, Virulence, New Targets, and Therapeutic Alternatives |
| title_fullStr | What Do We Know About <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Oxidative Stress? Resistance, Virulence, New Targets, and Therapeutic Alternatives |
| title_full_unstemmed | What Do We Know About <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Oxidative Stress? Resistance, Virulence, New Targets, and Therapeutic Alternatives |
| title_short | What Do We Know About <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Oxidative Stress? Resistance, Virulence, New Targets, and Therapeutic Alternatives |
| title_sort | what do we know about i staphylococcus aureus i and oxidative stress resistance virulence new targets and therapeutic alternatives |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> oxidative stress antimicrobial resistance biofilm reactive oxygen species alternative therapies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/5/390 |
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