From Folklore to Conspiracy Beliefs: A Gramscian Approach to Conspiracy Theory Studies

This paper applies Antonio Gramsci’s theory of folklore—defined as the cultural expressions of subaltern groups reflecting their lived experiences of subalternity—to contemporary conspiracy beliefs, arguing that these beliefs function as a form of what he called “modern folklore”. Drawing on Gramsci...

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Main Authors: Maria Chiara Pozzoni, Giuseppe Quattromini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Genealogy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-5778/8/4/145
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author Maria Chiara Pozzoni
Giuseppe Quattromini
author_facet Maria Chiara Pozzoni
Giuseppe Quattromini
author_sort Maria Chiara Pozzoni
collection DOAJ
description This paper applies Antonio Gramsci’s theory of folklore—defined as the cultural expressions of subaltern groups reflecting their lived experiences of subalternity—to contemporary conspiracy beliefs, arguing that these beliefs function as a form of what he called “modern folklore”. Drawing on Gramsci’s insights into hegemony, it examines how subaltern beliefs emerge as both reflections of and responses to sociocultural conditions. The paper demonstrates that conspiracy mentality, akin to Gramscian folklore, inadequately encapsulates the issues and aspirations of those feeling marginalised and not represented within hegemonic systems. It outlines how distorted elements of modern scientific and political thought are integrated into folklore, resulting in inconsistent and fragmented worldviews. Key topics include the role of commercial literature in shaping subaltern consciousness and the political implications of conspiracy beliefs, particularly how they are utilised by reactionary movements to further their agendas. The analysis concludes with two case studies: one from Gramsci’s writings and another on contemporary conspiracy beliefs related to COVID-19, illustrating how these examples exemplify modern folklore. This approach offers a critical framework for understanding the social, cultural, and political origins and functions of conspiracy beliefs, highlighting the relevance of Gramsci’s thought to conspiracy theory studies.
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spelling doaj-art-b991d575a9fc48afa4213fd92a82db3c2025-08-20T02:00:42ZengMDPI AGGenealogy2313-57782024-12-018414510.3390/genealogy8040145From Folklore to Conspiracy Beliefs: A Gramscian Approach to Conspiracy Theory StudiesMaria Chiara Pozzoni0Giuseppe Quattromini1Department of Letters and Modern Cultures, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyInstitute of Economics, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, ItalyThis paper applies Antonio Gramsci’s theory of folklore—defined as the cultural expressions of subaltern groups reflecting their lived experiences of subalternity—to contemporary conspiracy beliefs, arguing that these beliefs function as a form of what he called “modern folklore”. Drawing on Gramsci’s insights into hegemony, it examines how subaltern beliefs emerge as both reflections of and responses to sociocultural conditions. The paper demonstrates that conspiracy mentality, akin to Gramscian folklore, inadequately encapsulates the issues and aspirations of those feeling marginalised and not represented within hegemonic systems. It outlines how distorted elements of modern scientific and political thought are integrated into folklore, resulting in inconsistent and fragmented worldviews. Key topics include the role of commercial literature in shaping subaltern consciousness and the political implications of conspiracy beliefs, particularly how they are utilised by reactionary movements to further their agendas. The analysis concludes with two case studies: one from Gramsci’s writings and another on contemporary conspiracy beliefs related to COVID-19, illustrating how these examples exemplify modern folklore. This approach offers a critical framework for understanding the social, cultural, and political origins and functions of conspiracy beliefs, highlighting the relevance of Gramsci’s thought to conspiracy theory studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-5778/8/4/145conspiracy theoriesAntonio Gramscifolklorepopular literaturesubaltern groups
spellingShingle Maria Chiara Pozzoni
Giuseppe Quattromini
From Folklore to Conspiracy Beliefs: A Gramscian Approach to Conspiracy Theory Studies
Genealogy
conspiracy theories
Antonio Gramsci
folklore
popular literature
subaltern groups
title From Folklore to Conspiracy Beliefs: A Gramscian Approach to Conspiracy Theory Studies
title_full From Folklore to Conspiracy Beliefs: A Gramscian Approach to Conspiracy Theory Studies
title_fullStr From Folklore to Conspiracy Beliefs: A Gramscian Approach to Conspiracy Theory Studies
title_full_unstemmed From Folklore to Conspiracy Beliefs: A Gramscian Approach to Conspiracy Theory Studies
title_short From Folklore to Conspiracy Beliefs: A Gramscian Approach to Conspiracy Theory Studies
title_sort from folklore to conspiracy beliefs a gramscian approach to conspiracy theory studies
topic conspiracy theories
Antonio Gramsci
folklore
popular literature
subaltern groups
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-5778/8/4/145
work_keys_str_mv AT mariachiarapozzoni fromfolkloretoconspiracybeliefsagramscianapproachtoconspiracytheorystudies
AT giuseppequattromini fromfolkloretoconspiracybeliefsagramscianapproachtoconspiracytheorystudies