Tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of HOXC genes and early expression of satellite cell markers
Abstract Background Regeneration is the replacement of lost or damaged tissue with a functional copy. In axolotls and zebrafish, regeneration involves stem cells produced by de-differentiation. These cells form a growth zone which expresses developmental patterning genes at its apex. This system res...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02111-9 |
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| author | Luthfi Nurhidayat Vladimir Benes Sira Blom Inês Gomes Nisrina Firdausi Merijn A. G. de Bakker Herman P. Spaink Michael K. Richardson |
| author_facet | Luthfi Nurhidayat Vladimir Benes Sira Blom Inês Gomes Nisrina Firdausi Merijn A. G. de Bakker Herman P. Spaink Michael K. Richardson |
| author_sort | Luthfi Nurhidayat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Regeneration is the replacement of lost or damaged tissue with a functional copy. In axolotls and zebrafish, regeneration involves stem cells produced by de-differentiation. These cells form a growth zone which expresses developmental patterning genes at its apex. This system resembles an embryonic developmental field where cells undergo pattern formation. Some lizards, including geckos, can regenerate their tails, but it is unclear whether they show a “development-like” regeneration pathway. Results Using the tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) model species, we examined seven stages of tail regeneration, and three stages of embryonic tail bud development, using transcriptomics, single-cell sequencing, and in situ hybridization. We find no apical growth zone in the regenerating tail. The transcriptomes of the regenerating vs. embryonic tails are quite different with respect to developmental patterning genes. Posterior HOXC genes were activated in a temporally collinear sequence in the regenerating tail. The major precursor populations were stromal cells (regenerating tail) vs. pluripotent stem cells (embryonic tail). Segmented skeletal muscles were regenerated with no expression of classical segmentation genes, but with the early activation of satellite cell markers. Conclusions Our study suggests that tail regeneration in the tokay gecko—unlike tail development—might rely on the activation of resident stem cells, guided by pre-existing positional information. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1741-7007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b9917ed596a5443ebd9c91ee0caf78572025-08-20T02:35:36ZengBMCBMC Biology1741-70072025-01-0123112110.1186/s12915-024-02111-9Tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of HOXC genes and early expression of satellite cell markersLuthfi Nurhidayat0Vladimir Benes1Sira Blom2Inês Gomes3Nisrina Firdausi4Merijn A. G. de Bakker5Herman P. Spaink6Michael K. Richardson7Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius LaboratoryGenomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory HeidelbergInstitute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius LaboratoryInstitute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius LaboratoryInstitute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius LaboratoryInstitute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius LaboratoryInstitute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius LaboratoryInstitute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylvius LaboratoryAbstract Background Regeneration is the replacement of lost or damaged tissue with a functional copy. In axolotls and zebrafish, regeneration involves stem cells produced by de-differentiation. These cells form a growth zone which expresses developmental patterning genes at its apex. This system resembles an embryonic developmental field where cells undergo pattern formation. Some lizards, including geckos, can regenerate their tails, but it is unclear whether they show a “development-like” regeneration pathway. Results Using the tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) model species, we examined seven stages of tail regeneration, and three stages of embryonic tail bud development, using transcriptomics, single-cell sequencing, and in situ hybridization. We find no apical growth zone in the regenerating tail. The transcriptomes of the regenerating vs. embryonic tails are quite different with respect to developmental patterning genes. Posterior HOXC genes were activated in a temporally collinear sequence in the regenerating tail. The major precursor populations were stromal cells (regenerating tail) vs. pluripotent stem cells (embryonic tail). Segmented skeletal muscles were regenerated with no expression of classical segmentation genes, but with the early activation of satellite cell markers. Conclusions Our study suggests that tail regeneration in the tokay gecko—unlike tail development—might rely on the activation of resident stem cells, guided by pre-existing positional information.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02111-9Tokay geckoGekko geckoTail regenerationBlastemaHox genesDevelopmental patterning genes |
| spellingShingle | Luthfi Nurhidayat Vladimir Benes Sira Blom Inês Gomes Nisrina Firdausi Merijn A. G. de Bakker Herman P. Spaink Michael K. Richardson Tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of HOXC genes and early expression of satellite cell markers BMC Biology Tokay gecko Gekko gecko Tail regeneration Blastema Hox genes Developmental patterning genes |
| title | Tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of HOXC genes and early expression of satellite cell markers |
| title_full | Tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of HOXC genes and early expression of satellite cell markers |
| title_fullStr | Tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of HOXC genes and early expression of satellite cell markers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of HOXC genes and early expression of satellite cell markers |
| title_short | Tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of HOXC genes and early expression of satellite cell markers |
| title_sort | tokay gecko tail regeneration involves temporally collinear expression of hoxc genes and early expression of satellite cell markers |
| topic | Tokay gecko Gekko gecko Tail regeneration Blastema Hox genes Developmental patterning genes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02111-9 |
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