Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell
Microwave pyrolysis is a potential for producing alternative fuel from biomass, such as palm kernel shell (PKS). However, the resulting microwave pyrolytic oil (bio-oil) was highly acidic and has low calorific value and therefore must undergo additional process to improve the physicochemical propert...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8359238 |
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| author | Sharifah Mona Abdul Aziz Rafeah Wahi Zainab Ngaini Sinin Hamdan Syamila Aimi Yahaya |
| author_facet | Sharifah Mona Abdul Aziz Rafeah Wahi Zainab Ngaini Sinin Hamdan Syamila Aimi Yahaya |
| author_sort | Sharifah Mona Abdul Aziz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microwave pyrolysis is a potential for producing alternative fuel from biomass, such as palm kernel shell (PKS). However, the resulting microwave pyrolytic oil (bio-oil) was highly acidic and has low calorific value and therefore must undergo additional process to improve the physicochemical properties. In this study, attempt was made to improve the pH and calorific value of bio-oil produced from PKS via esterification process. The effect of esterification with ethanol in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst on selected biodiesel qualities was also investigated. The esterification process has successfully improved the pH value from 3.37 to 5.09–5.12 and the calorific value was increased from 27.19 to 34.78–41.52 MJ/kg. Conclusively, the EO has comparatively better properties in terms of its smell, pH, calorific value, and absence of environmentally undesirable compounds. However, future works should include ASTM 6751 specifications tests for biodiesel to evaluate the bio-oil’s suitability for commercial use. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b98d37dfdfe34a5696721e960c501fc8 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2090-9063 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-b98d37dfdfe34a5696721e960c501fc82025-08-20T03:23:14ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712017-01-01201710.1155/2017/83592388359238Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel ShellSharifah Mona Abdul Aziz0Rafeah Wahi1Zainab Ngaini2Sinin Hamdan3Syamila Aimi Yahaya4Centre of Pre-University Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaMicrowave pyrolysis is a potential for producing alternative fuel from biomass, such as palm kernel shell (PKS). However, the resulting microwave pyrolytic oil (bio-oil) was highly acidic and has low calorific value and therefore must undergo additional process to improve the physicochemical properties. In this study, attempt was made to improve the pH and calorific value of bio-oil produced from PKS via esterification process. The effect of esterification with ethanol in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst on selected biodiesel qualities was also investigated. The esterification process has successfully improved the pH value from 3.37 to 5.09–5.12 and the calorific value was increased from 27.19 to 34.78–41.52 MJ/kg. Conclusively, the EO has comparatively better properties in terms of its smell, pH, calorific value, and absence of environmentally undesirable compounds. However, future works should include ASTM 6751 specifications tests for biodiesel to evaluate the bio-oil’s suitability for commercial use.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8359238 |
| spellingShingle | Sharifah Mona Abdul Aziz Rafeah Wahi Zainab Ngaini Sinin Hamdan Syamila Aimi Yahaya Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell |
| title_full | Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell |
| title_fullStr | Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell |
| title_short | Esterification of Microwave Pyrolytic Oil from Palm Oil Kernel Shell |
| title_sort | esterification of microwave pyrolytic oil from palm oil kernel shell |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8359238 |
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