Environment-Associated Variations in Blood Metabolism of Mongolian Cattle Grazing in the Alxa Desert of China

Desert environments pose severe challenges to livestock survival. This study examined climate-driven physiological and metabolic adaptations in 258 Mongolian cattle from six regions of the Alxa Desert, China. Serum biochemical indices were measured and analyzed using linear models to assess the effe...

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Main Authors: Chao Hai, Dongchao Pei, Yuqing Yang, Lishuang Song, Xuefei Liu, Chunling Bai, Guanghua Su, Lei Yang, Guangpeng Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/5/506
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author Chao Hai
Dongchao Pei
Yuqing Yang
Lishuang Song
Xuefei Liu
Chunling Bai
Guanghua Su
Lei Yang
Guangpeng Li
author_facet Chao Hai
Dongchao Pei
Yuqing Yang
Lishuang Song
Xuefei Liu
Chunling Bai
Guanghua Su
Lei Yang
Guangpeng Li
author_sort Chao Hai
collection DOAJ
description Desert environments pose severe challenges to livestock survival. This study examined climate-driven physiological and metabolic adaptations in 258 Mongolian cattle from six regions of the Alxa Desert, China. Serum biochemical indices were measured and analyzed using linear models to assess the effects of climate, sex, and age. Climate significantly affected key blood parameters, including glucose (<i>p</i> < 0.001), creatinine (<i>p</i> < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and lactate (<i>p</i> = 0.034). Additionally, sex significantly influenced lactate dehydrogenase (<i>p</i> = 0.049), bicarbonate (<i>p</i> = 0.0061), urea (<i>p</i> = 0.0055), and triglycerides (<i>p</i> = 0.039), while age affected total protein (<i>p</i> = 0.020), LDL-C (<i>p</i> = 0.0097), and cholesterol (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Glucose levels were negatively correlated with body size traits. Metabolomic profiling showed that cattle in arid, high-radiation areas exhibited reduced TCA cycle and fatty acid metabolism, with concurrent carbohydrate accumulation, including glucose, fructose, and mannose. Enhanced amino acid metabolism increased proline, valine, tyrosine, and tryptophan levels, potentially supporting physiological stability under heat and drought stress. These findings reveal how Mongolian cattle modulate metabolism in response to desert climates, offering insights into livestock adaptation and informing breeding strategies for resilience in harsh environments.
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spelling doaj-art-b989f5a9f3e1411f9b95cad4a8b4d4ff2025-08-20T03:12:07ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-05-0112550610.3390/vetsci12050506Environment-Associated Variations in Blood Metabolism of Mongolian Cattle Grazing in the Alxa Desert of ChinaChao Hai0Dongchao Pei1Yuqing Yang2Lishuang Song3Xuefei Liu4Chunling Bai5Guanghua Su6Lei Yang7Guangpeng Li8State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, ChinaDesert environments pose severe challenges to livestock survival. This study examined climate-driven physiological and metabolic adaptations in 258 Mongolian cattle from six regions of the Alxa Desert, China. Serum biochemical indices were measured and analyzed using linear models to assess the effects of climate, sex, and age. Climate significantly affected key blood parameters, including glucose (<i>p</i> < 0.001), creatinine (<i>p</i> < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and lactate (<i>p</i> = 0.034). Additionally, sex significantly influenced lactate dehydrogenase (<i>p</i> = 0.049), bicarbonate (<i>p</i> = 0.0061), urea (<i>p</i> = 0.0055), and triglycerides (<i>p</i> = 0.039), while age affected total protein (<i>p</i> = 0.020), LDL-C (<i>p</i> = 0.0097), and cholesterol (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Glucose levels were negatively correlated with body size traits. Metabolomic profiling showed that cattle in arid, high-radiation areas exhibited reduced TCA cycle and fatty acid metabolism, with concurrent carbohydrate accumulation, including glucose, fructose, and mannose. Enhanced amino acid metabolism increased proline, valine, tyrosine, and tryptophan levels, potentially supporting physiological stability under heat and drought stress. These findings reveal how Mongolian cattle modulate metabolism in response to desert climates, offering insights into livestock adaptation and informing breeding strategies for resilience in harsh environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/5/506Mongolian cattledesert environmentserum biochemical indicesblood metabolism
spellingShingle Chao Hai
Dongchao Pei
Yuqing Yang
Lishuang Song
Xuefei Liu
Chunling Bai
Guanghua Su
Lei Yang
Guangpeng Li
Environment-Associated Variations in Blood Metabolism of Mongolian Cattle Grazing in the Alxa Desert of China
Veterinary Sciences
Mongolian cattle
desert environment
serum biochemical indices
blood metabolism
title Environment-Associated Variations in Blood Metabolism of Mongolian Cattle Grazing in the Alxa Desert of China
title_full Environment-Associated Variations in Blood Metabolism of Mongolian Cattle Grazing in the Alxa Desert of China
title_fullStr Environment-Associated Variations in Blood Metabolism of Mongolian Cattle Grazing in the Alxa Desert of China
title_full_unstemmed Environment-Associated Variations in Blood Metabolism of Mongolian Cattle Grazing in the Alxa Desert of China
title_short Environment-Associated Variations in Blood Metabolism of Mongolian Cattle Grazing in the Alxa Desert of China
title_sort environment associated variations in blood metabolism of mongolian cattle grazing in the alxa desert of china
topic Mongolian cattle
desert environment
serum biochemical indices
blood metabolism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/5/506
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