Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in Tanzania

Objectives: Yellow fever (YF) is a major public health concern, particularly in Africa and South America. This study aimed to detect YF in human and mosquito samples to understand transmission dynamics in the Tanzania–Uganda and Tanzania–Kenya cross-border areas. Methods: Blood samples were collecte...

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Main Authors: Remidius Kamuhabwa Kakulu, Josephine Vitus Kapinga, Sima Rugarabamu, Elison Kemibala, Medard Beyanga, Peter M. Mbelele, Khalid Massa, Esther Gwae Kimaro, Emmanuel Abraham Mpolya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224003412
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author Remidius Kamuhabwa Kakulu
Josephine Vitus Kapinga
Sima Rugarabamu
Elison Kemibala
Medard Beyanga
Peter M. Mbelele
Khalid Massa
Esther Gwae Kimaro
Emmanuel Abraham Mpolya
author_facet Remidius Kamuhabwa Kakulu
Josephine Vitus Kapinga
Sima Rugarabamu
Elison Kemibala
Medard Beyanga
Peter M. Mbelele
Khalid Massa
Esther Gwae Kimaro
Emmanuel Abraham Mpolya
author_sort Remidius Kamuhabwa Kakulu
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: Yellow fever (YF) is a major public health concern, particularly in Africa and South America. This study aimed to detect YF in human and mosquito samples to understand transmission dynamics in the Tanzania–Uganda and Tanzania–Kenya cross-border areas. Methods: Blood samples were collected from individuals aged ≥9 months for serological testing. Mosquitoes were captured and tested for YF virus RNA. Logistic regression models were used to predict seroprevalence and associated risk factors. Results: The overall YF seroprevalence was 12.5%, with higher rates among older individuals (7.0%) and female participants (immunoglobulin [Ig] G 4.4%, IgM 6.0%). Notably, YF virus RNA was detected in three out of 46 pools of 192 mosquitoes. The odds of testing positive for YF IgG were lower among those with primary education compared with college education (AOR = 0.27, CI: 0.08-0.88) and increased with those experiencing muscle pain (AOR = 4.5, CI: 1.08-18.78) while the odds of testing positive to YF IgM increased with being female (AOR = 4.7, CI: 1.5-14.7), traveling to YF endemic areas (AOR = 5.2, CI: 1.35-44.75), exposure to Aedes mosquitoes (AOR = 3.7, CI: 1.27-10.84) and exhibiting bruising (AOR = 13.5, CI: 1.23-145.72) Conclusions: Although Tanzania has not experienced YF outbreaks, evidence of YF exposure at the studied borders highlights the need for strengthening cross-border surveillance, vector control, and vaccination efforts. Further research is needed to evaluate the country's overall YF risks.
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spelling doaj-art-b971d024694e4007a54482b0ff7a643e2025-08-20T02:48:58ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122025-01-0115010727010.1016/j.ijid.2024.107270Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in TanzaniaRemidius Kamuhabwa Kakulu0Josephine Vitus Kapinga1Sima Rugarabamu2Elison Kemibala3Medard Beyanga4Peter M. Mbelele5Khalid Massa6Esther Gwae Kimaro7Emmanuel Abraham Mpolya8Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania; Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania; Corresponding author.Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, TanzaniaDepartment of Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaMuheza Vector Control Institute, Tanzania Ministry of Health, Muheza, TanzaniaNational Public Health Laboratory, Tanzania Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaKibong'oto Infectious Disease Hospital, Siha, TanzaniaDepartment of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, Dodoma, TanzaniaDepartment of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, TanzaniaDepartment of Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Population Health Building/Hans Rosling Center, Seattle, WA, USAObjectives: Yellow fever (YF) is a major public health concern, particularly in Africa and South America. This study aimed to detect YF in human and mosquito samples to understand transmission dynamics in the Tanzania–Uganda and Tanzania–Kenya cross-border areas. Methods: Blood samples were collected from individuals aged ≥9 months for serological testing. Mosquitoes were captured and tested for YF virus RNA. Logistic regression models were used to predict seroprevalence and associated risk factors. Results: The overall YF seroprevalence was 12.5%, with higher rates among older individuals (7.0%) and female participants (immunoglobulin [Ig] G 4.4%, IgM 6.0%). Notably, YF virus RNA was detected in three out of 46 pools of 192 mosquitoes. The odds of testing positive for YF IgG were lower among those with primary education compared with college education (AOR = 0.27, CI: 0.08-0.88) and increased with those experiencing muscle pain (AOR = 4.5, CI: 1.08-18.78) while the odds of testing positive to YF IgM increased with being female (AOR = 4.7, CI: 1.5-14.7), traveling to YF endemic areas (AOR = 5.2, CI: 1.35-44.75), exposure to Aedes mosquitoes (AOR = 3.7, CI: 1.27-10.84) and exhibiting bruising (AOR = 13.5, CI: 1.23-145.72) Conclusions: Although Tanzania has not experienced YF outbreaks, evidence of YF exposure at the studied borders highlights the need for strengthening cross-border surveillance, vector control, and vaccination efforts. Further research is needed to evaluate the country's overall YF risks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224003412Yellow feverBorderSeroprevalenceMosquitoVectorCross border
spellingShingle Remidius Kamuhabwa Kakulu
Josephine Vitus Kapinga
Sima Rugarabamu
Elison Kemibala
Medard Beyanga
Peter M. Mbelele
Khalid Massa
Esther Gwae Kimaro
Emmanuel Abraham Mpolya
Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in Tanzania
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Yellow fever
Border
Seroprevalence
Mosquito
Vector
Cross border
title Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in Tanzania
title_full Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in Tanzania
title_fullStr Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in Tanzania
title_full_unstemmed Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in Tanzania
title_short Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in Tanzania
title_sort seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at namanga and mutukula borders in tanzania
topic Yellow fever
Border
Seroprevalence
Mosquito
Vector
Cross border
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224003412
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