Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial

Abstract Balance and proprioception are crucial in children, especially in sports. The ankle joint plays a key role in postural control, and triceps surae retraction is common in active children. This study aimed to analyze the effects of stretching exercises versus heel cups on postural control in...

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Main Authors: Vicenta Martínez-Córcoles, Jonatan García-Campos, Juan Vicente-Mampel, Esther Chicharro-Luna, Eva María Martínez Jiménez, Javier Ferrer-Torregrosa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98527-6
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author Vicenta Martínez-Córcoles
Jonatan García-Campos
Juan Vicente-Mampel
Esther Chicharro-Luna
Eva María Martínez Jiménez
Javier Ferrer-Torregrosa
author_facet Vicenta Martínez-Córcoles
Jonatan García-Campos
Juan Vicente-Mampel
Esther Chicharro-Luna
Eva María Martínez Jiménez
Javier Ferrer-Torregrosa
author_sort Vicenta Martínez-Córcoles
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Balance and proprioception are crucial in children, especially in sports. The ankle joint plays a key role in postural control, and triceps surae retraction is common in active children. This study aimed to analyze the effects of stretching exercises versus heel cups on postural control in children aged 8 to 12 with triceps surae retraction. A six-month randomized controlled trial was conducted with 150 children assigned to either stretching exercises (n = 76) or heel cups (n = 74). The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identification number NCT05902949 (first posted on 06/15/23). The area of oscillation was measured using the Gyko system under four conditions: eyes open/closed and firm ground/foam. A linear mixed regression model was applied to analyze the effects of the treatments, adjusting for sex, age, and physical activity. Stretching exercises were associated with significant reductions around oscillation across all conditions (p < 0.001 at six months). In contrast, heel cups were linked to significant increases around oscillation in all conditions (p < 0.001 at six months), indicating a negative effect on balance. Additionally, higher levels of physical activity and female sex were associated with better postural control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, stretching exercises significantly improved postural control in children with triceps surae retraction, whereas heel cups worsened this essential motor-performance ability. Further research is needed, but these findings support the incorporation of stretching exercises and regular physical activity in the management of these patients. Clinical trial registration number: NCT05902949.
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spelling doaj-art-b9517c4afff747dfbbdb592f26c31b672025-08-20T02:17:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-98527-6Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trialVicenta Martínez-Córcoles0Jonatan García-Campos1Juan Vicente-Mampel2Esther Chicharro-Luna3Eva María Martínez Jiménez4Javier Ferrer-Torregrosa5Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernandez UniversityDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernandez UniversityDepartment of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Valencia Catholic University “San Vicente Mártir”Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernandez UniversityNursing, Physiotheray and Podiatrist Department, Complutense University of MadridDepartment of Podiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Valencia Catholic University “San Vicente Mártir”Abstract Balance and proprioception are crucial in children, especially in sports. The ankle joint plays a key role in postural control, and triceps surae retraction is common in active children. This study aimed to analyze the effects of stretching exercises versus heel cups on postural control in children aged 8 to 12 with triceps surae retraction. A six-month randomized controlled trial was conducted with 150 children assigned to either stretching exercises (n = 76) or heel cups (n = 74). The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identification number NCT05902949 (first posted on 06/15/23). The area of oscillation was measured using the Gyko system under four conditions: eyes open/closed and firm ground/foam. A linear mixed regression model was applied to analyze the effects of the treatments, adjusting for sex, age, and physical activity. Stretching exercises were associated with significant reductions around oscillation across all conditions (p < 0.001 at six months). In contrast, heel cups were linked to significant increases around oscillation in all conditions (p < 0.001 at six months), indicating a negative effect on balance. Additionally, higher levels of physical activity and female sex were associated with better postural control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, stretching exercises significantly improved postural control in children with triceps surae retraction, whereas heel cups worsened this essential motor-performance ability. Further research is needed, but these findings support the incorporation of stretching exercises and regular physical activity in the management of these patients. Clinical trial registration number: NCT05902949.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98527-6ExercisePostural controlChildrenHeel cupShorteningTriceps Surae
spellingShingle Vicenta Martínez-Córcoles
Jonatan García-Campos
Juan Vicente-Mampel
Esther Chicharro-Luna
Eva María Martínez Jiménez
Javier Ferrer-Torregrosa
Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial
Scientific Reports
Exercise
Postural control
Children
Heel cup
Shortening
Triceps Surae
title Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial
title_full Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial
title_fullStr Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial
title_full_unstemmed Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial
title_short Postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six-month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial
title_sort postural analysis of children with muscle retraction after six month exercise or heel cup interventions in a randomized trial
topic Exercise
Postural control
Children
Heel cup
Shortening
Triceps Surae
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98527-6
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