Hafted Tool-use Experiments with Australian Aboriginal Plant Adhesives: Triodia Spinifex, Xanthorrhoea Grass Tree and Lechenaultia divaricata Mindrie

Hafted stone tools commonly figure in Australian archaeology but hafting traces and manufacture processes are infrequently studied. The Aboriginal processing of resin from Xanthorrhoea (Sol. Ex Sm.) grass tree, Triodia (R.Br.) spinifex and Lechenaultia divaricata (F.Muell.) mindrie, is reported with...

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Main Authors: Veerle Rots, Elspeth Hayes, Kim Akerman, Philip Green, Chris Clarkson, Christian Lepers, Luc Bordes, Conor McAdams, Elizabeth Foley, Richard Fullagar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: EXARC 2020-02-01
Series:EXARC Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://exarc.net/ark:/88735/10487
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author Veerle Rots
Elspeth Hayes
Kim Akerman
Philip Green
Chris Clarkson
Christian Lepers
Luc Bordes
Conor McAdams
Elizabeth Foley
Richard Fullagar
author_facet Veerle Rots
Elspeth Hayes
Kim Akerman
Philip Green
Chris Clarkson
Christian Lepers
Luc Bordes
Conor McAdams
Elizabeth Foley
Richard Fullagar
author_sort Veerle Rots
collection DOAJ
description Hafted stone tools commonly figure in Australian archaeology but hafting traces and manufacture processes are infrequently studied. The Aboriginal processing of resin from Xanthorrhoea (Sol. Ex Sm.) grass tree, Triodia (R.Br.) spinifex and Lechenaultia divaricata (F.Muell.) mindrie, is reported with experiences and observations about the performance of resin mixtures in hafted tool-use experiments. Pure mixtures of winnowed Triodia grass, though soft, were more effective as a sticky adhesive than lumps collected from ant nests or the ground following bushfires. Xanthorrhoea resin mixed with kangaroo dung and charred wood was effective, though brittle, and re-heating made it less sticky and more brittle. Mindrie root mixed with kangaroo dung and ashes proved highly effective. Triodia, Xanthorrhoea and Lechenaultia resins have different adhesive properties, and the resin sources, additives and processing techniques all affect how and when hafts break.
format Article
id doaj-art-b94bd9402e6e4d948d6f4eb42da4d458
institution Kabale University
issn 2212-8956
language English
publishDate 2020-02-01
publisher EXARC
record_format Article
series EXARC Journal
spelling doaj-art-b94bd9402e6e4d948d6f4eb42da4d4582025-08-20T03:39:06ZengEXARCEXARC Journal2212-89562020-02-012020/1ark:/88735/10487Hafted Tool-use Experiments with Australian Aboriginal Plant Adhesives: Triodia Spinifex, Xanthorrhoea Grass Tree and Lechenaultia divaricata MindrieVeerle RotsElspeth HayesKim AkermanPhilip GreenChris ClarksonChristian LepersLuc BordesConor McAdamsElizabeth FoleyRichard FullagarHafted stone tools commonly figure in Australian archaeology but hafting traces and manufacture processes are infrequently studied. The Aboriginal processing of resin from Xanthorrhoea (Sol. Ex Sm.) grass tree, Triodia (R.Br.) spinifex and Lechenaultia divaricata (F.Muell.) mindrie, is reported with experiences and observations about the performance of resin mixtures in hafted tool-use experiments. Pure mixtures of winnowed Triodia grass, though soft, were more effective as a sticky adhesive than lumps collected from ant nests or the ground following bushfires. Xanthorrhoea resin mixed with kangaroo dung and charred wood was effective, though brittle, and re-heating made it less sticky and more brittle. Mindrie root mixed with kangaroo dung and ashes proved highly effective. Triodia, Xanthorrhoea and Lechenaultia resins have different adhesive properties, and the resin sources, additives and processing techniques all affect how and when hafts break.https://exarc.net/ark:/88735/10487stonetoolsplantuse wear analysismesolithicaustraliabelgiumfrance
spellingShingle Veerle Rots
Elspeth Hayes
Kim Akerman
Philip Green
Chris Clarkson
Christian Lepers
Luc Bordes
Conor McAdams
Elizabeth Foley
Richard Fullagar
Hafted Tool-use Experiments with Australian Aboriginal Plant Adhesives: Triodia Spinifex, Xanthorrhoea Grass Tree and Lechenaultia divaricata Mindrie
EXARC Journal
stone
tools
plant
use wear analysis
mesolithic
australia
belgium
france
title Hafted Tool-use Experiments with Australian Aboriginal Plant Adhesives: Triodia Spinifex, Xanthorrhoea Grass Tree and Lechenaultia divaricata Mindrie
title_full Hafted Tool-use Experiments with Australian Aboriginal Plant Adhesives: Triodia Spinifex, Xanthorrhoea Grass Tree and Lechenaultia divaricata Mindrie
title_fullStr Hafted Tool-use Experiments with Australian Aboriginal Plant Adhesives: Triodia Spinifex, Xanthorrhoea Grass Tree and Lechenaultia divaricata Mindrie
title_full_unstemmed Hafted Tool-use Experiments with Australian Aboriginal Plant Adhesives: Triodia Spinifex, Xanthorrhoea Grass Tree and Lechenaultia divaricata Mindrie
title_short Hafted Tool-use Experiments with Australian Aboriginal Plant Adhesives: Triodia Spinifex, Xanthorrhoea Grass Tree and Lechenaultia divaricata Mindrie
title_sort hafted tool use experiments with australian aboriginal plant adhesives triodia spinifex xanthorrhoea grass tree and lechenaultia divaricata mindrie
topic stone
tools
plant
use wear analysis
mesolithic
australia
belgium
france
url https://exarc.net/ark:/88735/10487
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