Utilizing Residual Industrial Waste as Sustainable Adsorbents for the Removal of Indigo Carmine from Contaminated Water

The recovery of green waste and biomass presents a significant challenge in the 21st century. In this context, this study aims to valorize waste generated by the fruit juice processing industry at the N’Gaous unit (composed of the orange peel, fibers, pulp, and seeds) as an adsorbent to eliminate an...

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Main Authors: Amina Ghedjemis, Maya Kebaili, Kamel Hebbache, Cherif Belebchouche, El Hadj Kadri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Physchem
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7167/5/2/21
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author Amina Ghedjemis
Maya Kebaili
Kamel Hebbache
Cherif Belebchouche
El Hadj Kadri
author_facet Amina Ghedjemis
Maya Kebaili
Kamel Hebbache
Cherif Belebchouche
El Hadj Kadri
author_sort Amina Ghedjemis
collection DOAJ
description The recovery of green waste and biomass presents a significant challenge in the 21st century. In this context, this study aims to valorize waste generated by the fruit juice processing industry at the N’Gaous unit (composed of the orange peel, fibers, pulp, and seeds) as an adsorbent to eliminate an anionic dye and to enhance its adsorption capacity through thermal activation at 200 °C and 400 °C. The aim is also to determine the parameters for the adsorption process including contact time (0–120 min), solution pH (2–10), initial dye concentration (50–700 mg/L), and adsorbent dosage (0.5–10 g/L). The adsorption tests showed that waste activated at 400 °C (AR400) demonstrated a higher efficiency for removing indigo carmine (IC) from an aqueous solution than waste activated at 200 °C (AR200) and unactivated waste (R). The experimental maximum adsorption capacities for IC were 70 mg/g for unactivated waste, 500 mg/g for waste activated at 200 °C, and 680 mg/g for waste activated at 400 °C. These tests were conducted under conditions of pH 2, an equilibrium time of 50 min, and an adsorbent concentration of 1 g/L. The analysis of the kinetic data revealed that the pseudo-second-order model provides the best fit for the experimental results, indicating that this mechanism predominates in the sorption of the pollutant onto the three adsorbents. In terms of adsorption isotherms, the Freundlich model was found to be the most appropriate for describing the adsorption of dye molecules on the R, AR200, and AR400 supports, owing to its high correlation coefficient. Before adsorption tests, the powder R, AR200 and AR400 were characterized by various analyses, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), pH zero charge points and laser granularity for structural evaluation. According to the results of these analyses, the specific surface area (SSA) of the prepared material increases with the increase in the activation temperature, which expresses the increase in the adsorption of material activated at 400 °C, compared with materials activated at 200 °C and the raw material.
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spelling doaj-art-b9413abc7c0c4a559b2fc0f53ad54df42025-08-20T02:21:57ZengMDPI AGPhyschem2673-71672025-05-01522110.3390/physchem5020021Utilizing Residual Industrial Waste as Sustainable Adsorbents for the Removal of Indigo Carmine from Contaminated WaterAmina Ghedjemis0Maya Kebaili1Kamel Hebbache2Cherif Belebchouche3El Hadj Kadri4Department of Sciences, Teacher Education College of Setif—Messaoud Zeghar, El Eulma 19600, AlgeriaMechanics Research Center (CRM), BP N73B, Frères Ferrad, Ain El Bey, Constantine 25021, AlgeriaCivil Engineering Research Laboratory of Sétif (LRGCS), Department of Civil Engineering, Setif 1 University-Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, AlgeriaCivil Engineering Research Laboratory of Sétif (LRGCS), Department of Civil Engineering, Setif 1 University-Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, AlgeriaMechanics and Civil Engineering Materials Laboratory (L2MGC), University of CY-Paris, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, FranceThe recovery of green waste and biomass presents a significant challenge in the 21st century. In this context, this study aims to valorize waste generated by the fruit juice processing industry at the N’Gaous unit (composed of the orange peel, fibers, pulp, and seeds) as an adsorbent to eliminate an anionic dye and to enhance its adsorption capacity through thermal activation at 200 °C and 400 °C. The aim is also to determine the parameters for the adsorption process including contact time (0–120 min), solution pH (2–10), initial dye concentration (50–700 mg/L), and adsorbent dosage (0.5–10 g/L). The adsorption tests showed that waste activated at 400 °C (AR400) demonstrated a higher efficiency for removing indigo carmine (IC) from an aqueous solution than waste activated at 200 °C (AR200) and unactivated waste (R). The experimental maximum adsorption capacities for IC were 70 mg/g for unactivated waste, 500 mg/g for waste activated at 200 °C, and 680 mg/g for waste activated at 400 °C. These tests were conducted under conditions of pH 2, an equilibrium time of 50 min, and an adsorbent concentration of 1 g/L. The analysis of the kinetic data revealed that the pseudo-second-order model provides the best fit for the experimental results, indicating that this mechanism predominates in the sorption of the pollutant onto the three adsorbents. In terms of adsorption isotherms, the Freundlich model was found to be the most appropriate for describing the adsorption of dye molecules on the R, AR200, and AR400 supports, owing to its high correlation coefficient. Before adsorption tests, the powder R, AR200 and AR400 were characterized by various analyses, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), pH zero charge points and laser granularity for structural evaluation. According to the results of these analyses, the specific surface area (SSA) of the prepared material increases with the increase in the activation temperature, which expresses the increase in the adsorption of material activated at 400 °C, compared with materials activated at 200 °C and the raw material.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7167/5/2/21adsorptionindigo carmineindustrial juice wasteactivated industrial juice waste
spellingShingle Amina Ghedjemis
Maya Kebaili
Kamel Hebbache
Cherif Belebchouche
El Hadj Kadri
Utilizing Residual Industrial Waste as Sustainable Adsorbents for the Removal of Indigo Carmine from Contaminated Water
Physchem
adsorption
indigo carmine
industrial juice waste
activated industrial juice waste
title Utilizing Residual Industrial Waste as Sustainable Adsorbents for the Removal of Indigo Carmine from Contaminated Water
title_full Utilizing Residual Industrial Waste as Sustainable Adsorbents for the Removal of Indigo Carmine from Contaminated Water
title_fullStr Utilizing Residual Industrial Waste as Sustainable Adsorbents for the Removal of Indigo Carmine from Contaminated Water
title_full_unstemmed Utilizing Residual Industrial Waste as Sustainable Adsorbents for the Removal of Indigo Carmine from Contaminated Water
title_short Utilizing Residual Industrial Waste as Sustainable Adsorbents for the Removal of Indigo Carmine from Contaminated Water
title_sort utilizing residual industrial waste as sustainable adsorbents for the removal of indigo carmine from contaminated water
topic adsorption
indigo carmine
industrial juice waste
activated industrial juice waste
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7167/5/2/21
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