Development and Evaluation of a Novel Self-Etch Dental Adhesive Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and Hydroxyapatite–Zinc (HA-Zn) for Enhanced Bond Strength, Biocompatibility, and Long-Term Stability
The aim of this study was to develop an experimental self-etch dental adhesive (SE) by synthesizing graphene oxide–functionalized zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and hydroxyapatite–functionalized zinc (HA-Zn) as inorganic powders together with bis-GMA <sub>(0–2)</sub> (bispheno...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/11/803 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849722341690441728 |
|---|---|
| author | Norbert Erich Serfözö Marioara Moldovan Doina Prodan Nicoleta Ilie |
| author_facet | Norbert Erich Serfözö Marioara Moldovan Doina Prodan Nicoleta Ilie |
| author_sort | Norbert Erich Serfözö |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to develop an experimental self-etch dental adhesive (SE) by synthesizing graphene oxide–functionalized zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and hydroxyapatite–functionalized zinc (HA-Zn) as inorganic powders together with bis-GMA <sub>(0–2)</sub> (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate) oligomers as main components of the organic matrix. The adhesive was compared to the current gold standard adhesive Clearfill SE Bond 2 (CSE) using cytotoxicity assays, shear bond strength (SBS) tests, and resin–dentin interface analyses. Cytotoxicity assays with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) revealed reduced cell viability at early time points but indicated favourable biocompatibility and potential cell proliferation at later stages. SBS values for the experimental adhesive were comparable to CSE after 24 h of storage while aging did not significantly affect its bond strength. However, SBS exhibited more consistent resin tag formation and higher Weibull modulus values post-aging. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis highlighted differences in resin tag formation, suggesting the experimental adhesive relies more on chemical bonding than micromechanical interaction. The experimental adhesive demonstrated promising potential clinical properties and bond durability due to the integration of GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub> and HA-Zn fillers into the adhesive. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b93a52db3dc34fa2a56d62ae23d45fea |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-b93a52db3dc34fa2a56d62ae23d45fea2025-08-20T03:11:22ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-05-01151180310.3390/nano15110803Development and Evaluation of a Novel Self-Etch Dental Adhesive Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and Hydroxyapatite–Zinc (HA-Zn) for Enhanced Bond Strength, Biocompatibility, and Long-Term StabilityNorbert Erich Serfözö0Marioara Moldovan1Doina Prodan2Nicoleta Ilie3Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, LMU, 80333 Munich, GermanyInstitute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Babes-Bolyai University, 737322 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaInstitute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Babes-Bolyai University, 737322 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, LMU, 80333 Munich, GermanyThe aim of this study was to develop an experimental self-etch dental adhesive (SE) by synthesizing graphene oxide–functionalized zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and hydroxyapatite–functionalized zinc (HA-Zn) as inorganic powders together with bis-GMA <sub>(0–2)</sub> (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate) oligomers as main components of the organic matrix. The adhesive was compared to the current gold standard adhesive Clearfill SE Bond 2 (CSE) using cytotoxicity assays, shear bond strength (SBS) tests, and resin–dentin interface analyses. Cytotoxicity assays with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) revealed reduced cell viability at early time points but indicated favourable biocompatibility and potential cell proliferation at later stages. SBS values for the experimental adhesive were comparable to CSE after 24 h of storage while aging did not significantly affect its bond strength. However, SBS exhibited more consistent resin tag formation and higher Weibull modulus values post-aging. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis highlighted differences in resin tag formation, suggesting the experimental adhesive relies more on chemical bonding than micromechanical interaction. The experimental adhesive demonstrated promising potential clinical properties and bond durability due to the integration of GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub> and HA-Zn fillers into the adhesive.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/11/803graphenehydroxyapatiteself-etch dentin adhesivebond strengthcytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Norbert Erich Serfözö Marioara Moldovan Doina Prodan Nicoleta Ilie Development and Evaluation of a Novel Self-Etch Dental Adhesive Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and Hydroxyapatite–Zinc (HA-Zn) for Enhanced Bond Strength, Biocompatibility, and Long-Term Stability Nanomaterials graphene hydroxyapatite self-etch dentin adhesive bond strength cytotoxicity |
| title | Development and Evaluation of a Novel Self-Etch Dental Adhesive Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and Hydroxyapatite–Zinc (HA-Zn) for Enhanced Bond Strength, Biocompatibility, and Long-Term Stability |
| title_full | Development and Evaluation of a Novel Self-Etch Dental Adhesive Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and Hydroxyapatite–Zinc (HA-Zn) for Enhanced Bond Strength, Biocompatibility, and Long-Term Stability |
| title_fullStr | Development and Evaluation of a Novel Self-Etch Dental Adhesive Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and Hydroxyapatite–Zinc (HA-Zn) for Enhanced Bond Strength, Biocompatibility, and Long-Term Stability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Evaluation of a Novel Self-Etch Dental Adhesive Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and Hydroxyapatite–Zinc (HA-Zn) for Enhanced Bond Strength, Biocompatibility, and Long-Term Stability |
| title_short | Development and Evaluation of a Novel Self-Etch Dental Adhesive Incorporating Graphene Oxide–Zirconia (GO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) and Hydroxyapatite–Zinc (HA-Zn) for Enhanced Bond Strength, Biocompatibility, and Long-Term Stability |
| title_sort | development and evaluation of a novel self etch dental adhesive incorporating graphene oxide zirconia go zro sub 2 sub and hydroxyapatite zinc ha zn for enhanced bond strength biocompatibility and long term stability |
| topic | graphene hydroxyapatite self-etch dentin adhesive bond strength cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/11/803 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT norberterichserfozo developmentandevaluationofanovelselfetchdentaladhesiveincorporatinggrapheneoxidezirconiagozrosub2subandhydroxyapatitezinchaznforenhancedbondstrengthbiocompatibilityandlongtermstability AT marioaramoldovan developmentandevaluationofanovelselfetchdentaladhesiveincorporatinggrapheneoxidezirconiagozrosub2subandhydroxyapatitezinchaznforenhancedbondstrengthbiocompatibilityandlongtermstability AT doinaprodan developmentandevaluationofanovelselfetchdentaladhesiveincorporatinggrapheneoxidezirconiagozrosub2subandhydroxyapatitezinchaznforenhancedbondstrengthbiocompatibilityandlongtermstability AT nicoletailie developmentandevaluationofanovelselfetchdentaladhesiveincorporatinggrapheneoxidezirconiagozrosub2subandhydroxyapatitezinchaznforenhancedbondstrengthbiocompatibilityandlongtermstability |