Pyrolysis Process, Reactors, Products, and Applications: A Review
With the rapid growth of the global population, increasing per capita energy demands, and waste generation, the need for innovative strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and effective waste management has become paramount. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion process, facilitates the tra...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2979 |
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| author | Prakhar Talwar Mariana Alzate Agudelo Sonil Nanda |
| author_facet | Prakhar Talwar Mariana Alzate Agudelo Sonil Nanda |
| author_sort | Prakhar Talwar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the rapid growth of the global population, increasing per capita energy demands, and waste generation, the need for innovative strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and effective waste management has become paramount. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion process, facilitates the transformation of diverse biomass feedstocks, including agricultural biomass, forestry waste, and other carbonaceous wastes, into valuable biofuels such as bio-oil, biochar, and producer gas. The article reviews the benefits of pyrolysis as an effective and scalable technique for biofuel production from waste biomass. The review describes the different types of pyrolysis processes, such as slow, intermediate, fast, and catalytic, focusing on the effects of process parameters like temperature, heating rate, and residence time on biofuel yields and properties. The review also highlights the configurations and operating principles of different reactors used for pyrolysis, such as fixed bed, fluidized bed, entrained flow, plasma system, and microwaves. The review examines the factors affecting reactor performance, including energy consumption and feedstock attributes while highlighting the necessity of optimizing these systems to improve sustainability and economic feasibility in pyrolysis processes. The diverse value-added applications of biochar, bio-oil, and producer gas obtained from biomass pyrolysis are also discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b92d53858e3f40ada302bc96ae0b9cbf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-b92d53858e3f40ada302bc96ae0b9cbf2025-08-20T03:46:49ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011811297910.3390/en18112979Pyrolysis Process, Reactors, Products, and Applications: A ReviewPrakhar Talwar0Mariana Alzate Agudelo1Sonil Nanda2Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, CanadaDepartment of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, CanadaDepartment of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, CanadaWith the rapid growth of the global population, increasing per capita energy demands, and waste generation, the need for innovative strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and effective waste management has become paramount. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical conversion process, facilitates the transformation of diverse biomass feedstocks, including agricultural biomass, forestry waste, and other carbonaceous wastes, into valuable biofuels such as bio-oil, biochar, and producer gas. The article reviews the benefits of pyrolysis as an effective and scalable technique for biofuel production from waste biomass. The review describes the different types of pyrolysis processes, such as slow, intermediate, fast, and catalytic, focusing on the effects of process parameters like temperature, heating rate, and residence time on biofuel yields and properties. The review also highlights the configurations and operating principles of different reactors used for pyrolysis, such as fixed bed, fluidized bed, entrained flow, plasma system, and microwaves. The review examines the factors affecting reactor performance, including energy consumption and feedstock attributes while highlighting the necessity of optimizing these systems to improve sustainability and economic feasibility in pyrolysis processes. The diverse value-added applications of biochar, bio-oil, and producer gas obtained from biomass pyrolysis are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2979biocharbiomassbio-oilentrained flow reactorfixed-bed reactorfluidized-bed reactor |
| spellingShingle | Prakhar Talwar Mariana Alzate Agudelo Sonil Nanda Pyrolysis Process, Reactors, Products, and Applications: A Review Energies biochar biomass bio-oil entrained flow reactor fixed-bed reactor fluidized-bed reactor |
| title | Pyrolysis Process, Reactors, Products, and Applications: A Review |
| title_full | Pyrolysis Process, Reactors, Products, and Applications: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Pyrolysis Process, Reactors, Products, and Applications: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pyrolysis Process, Reactors, Products, and Applications: A Review |
| title_short | Pyrolysis Process, Reactors, Products, and Applications: A Review |
| title_sort | pyrolysis process reactors products and applications a review |
| topic | biochar biomass bio-oil entrained flow reactor fixed-bed reactor fluidized-bed reactor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2979 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT prakhartalwar pyrolysisprocessreactorsproductsandapplicationsareview AT marianaalzateagudelo pyrolysisprocessreactorsproductsandapplicationsareview AT sonilnanda pyrolysisprocessreactorsproductsandapplicationsareview |