Association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality: a prospective study of UK Biobank

Abstract Background Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is defined as the aging-related clonal expansion of preleukemic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. While CHIP has been studied in cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), its role in the long-term progression from the absence of...

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Main Authors: Chenzhe Zuo, Dihan Fu, Yuanfeng Huang, Jinchen Li, Shujun Yang, Xunjie Cheng, Guogang Zhang, Tianqi Ma, Qunyong Peng, Yu Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:European Journal of Medical Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02639-8
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author Chenzhe Zuo
Dihan Fu
Yuanfeng Huang
Jinchen Li
Shujun Yang
Xunjie Cheng
Guogang Zhang
Tianqi Ma
Qunyong Peng
Yu Tan
author_facet Chenzhe Zuo
Dihan Fu
Yuanfeng Huang
Jinchen Li
Shujun Yang
Xunjie Cheng
Guogang Zhang
Tianqi Ma
Qunyong Peng
Yu Tan
author_sort Chenzhe Zuo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is defined as the aging-related clonal expansion of preleukemic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. While CHIP has been studied in cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), its role in the long-term progression from the absence of CMD to the development of a single CMD, cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and eventual mortality remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between CHIP and gene-specific CHIP subtypes with the progression of CMD transitions. Methods We included UK Biobank participants without CMD at baseline. The primary outcomes were the first CMD, CMM, and death. We evaluated associations between any CHIP (variant allele fraction [VAF] ≥ 2%), large CHIP (VAF ≥ 10%), and gene-specific CHIP subtypes (DNMT3 A, TET2, ASXL1, JAK2, PPM1D/TP53 [DNA damage genes], and SF3B1/SRSF2/U2 AF1 [spliceosome genes]) with CMD transitions via multistate model analyses. We estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs with age as the time scale, and adjusted for sex, race, Townsend Deprivation Index, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol, physical activity, sleep duration, and hypertension. Results The study included 371,544 participants, with a mean age of 56.60 (± 8.03) years, and 44.2% of whom were male (CHIP: n = 11,570 [3.1%]; large CHIP: n = 7156 [1.9%]). During a median follow-up period of 14.49 years, 54,805 individuals developed at least one CMD, 8090 experienced CMM, and 26,218 died. In the fully adjusted multistate models, CHIP and large CHIP were associated with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.11 (95% CI 1.07–1.16) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.08–1.20), respectively, for transitioning from a CMD-free condition to a single CMD. The mortality risk associations were strongest, with adjusted HR of 1.45 (95% CI 1.36–1.55) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.52–1.77) for those without CMD, 1.39 (95% CI 1.26–1.54) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.41–1.79) for individuals with single CMD, and 1.58 (95% CI 1.31–1.91) and 1.61 (95% CI 1.29–2.02) for those with CMM. No significant association was observed with CMM development. Gene-specific analyses identified DNMT3 A, TET2, DNA damage genes, and spliceosome genes as the primary contributors to increased CMD risk. While CHIP showed no association with CMM progression, spliceosome genes were linked to a 1.72-fold higher risk (adjusted HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.14–2.59) of recurrent CMD events. All CHIP subtypes were strongly related to a heightened risk of mortality, with JAK2 presenting the highest adjusted odds ratio at 6.79 (95% CI 4.12–11.2). Conclusions CHIP serves as an independent risk factor for transitioning to the first CMD incidence and for mortality but is not associated with CMM development. CHIP-targeted management may represent a promising strategy for the primary prevention of CMD and for reducing mortality risk.
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spelling doaj-art-b8fd253478c24097bb48a9c5b0ec17da2025-08-20T02:34:06ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2025-05-0130111410.1186/s40001-025-02639-8Association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality: a prospective study of UK BiobankChenzhe Zuo0Dihan Fu1Yuanfeng Huang2Jinchen Li3Shujun Yang4Xunjie Cheng5Guogang Zhang6Tianqi Ma7Qunyong Peng8Yu Tan9Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityCenter of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South UniversityDepartment of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South UniversityCenter of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityCenter of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityCenter of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityCenter of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityCenter of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract Background Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is defined as the aging-related clonal expansion of preleukemic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. While CHIP has been studied in cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), its role in the long-term progression from the absence of CMD to the development of a single CMD, cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and eventual mortality remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between CHIP and gene-specific CHIP subtypes with the progression of CMD transitions. Methods We included UK Biobank participants without CMD at baseline. The primary outcomes were the first CMD, CMM, and death. We evaluated associations between any CHIP (variant allele fraction [VAF] ≥ 2%), large CHIP (VAF ≥ 10%), and gene-specific CHIP subtypes (DNMT3 A, TET2, ASXL1, JAK2, PPM1D/TP53 [DNA damage genes], and SF3B1/SRSF2/U2 AF1 [spliceosome genes]) with CMD transitions via multistate model analyses. We estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs with age as the time scale, and adjusted for sex, race, Townsend Deprivation Index, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol, physical activity, sleep duration, and hypertension. Results The study included 371,544 participants, with a mean age of 56.60 (± 8.03) years, and 44.2% of whom were male (CHIP: n = 11,570 [3.1%]; large CHIP: n = 7156 [1.9%]). During a median follow-up period of 14.49 years, 54,805 individuals developed at least one CMD, 8090 experienced CMM, and 26,218 died. In the fully adjusted multistate models, CHIP and large CHIP were associated with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.11 (95% CI 1.07–1.16) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.08–1.20), respectively, for transitioning from a CMD-free condition to a single CMD. The mortality risk associations were strongest, with adjusted HR of 1.45 (95% CI 1.36–1.55) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.52–1.77) for those without CMD, 1.39 (95% CI 1.26–1.54) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.41–1.79) for individuals with single CMD, and 1.58 (95% CI 1.31–1.91) and 1.61 (95% CI 1.29–2.02) for those with CMM. No significant association was observed with CMM development. Gene-specific analyses identified DNMT3 A, TET2, DNA damage genes, and spliceosome genes as the primary contributors to increased CMD risk. While CHIP showed no association with CMM progression, spliceosome genes were linked to a 1.72-fold higher risk (adjusted HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.14–2.59) of recurrent CMD events. All CHIP subtypes were strongly related to a heightened risk of mortality, with JAK2 presenting the highest adjusted odds ratio at 6.79 (95% CI 4.12–11.2). Conclusions CHIP serves as an independent risk factor for transitioning to the first CMD incidence and for mortality but is not associated with CMM development. CHIP-targeted management may represent a promising strategy for the primary prevention of CMD and for reducing mortality risk.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02639-8Cardiometabolic diseasesClonal hematopoiesisMultistate modelUK Biobank
spellingShingle Chenzhe Zuo
Dihan Fu
Yuanfeng Huang
Jinchen Li
Shujun Yang
Xunjie Cheng
Guogang Zhang
Tianqi Ma
Qunyong Peng
Yu Tan
Association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality: a prospective study of UK Biobank
European Journal of Medical Research
Cardiometabolic diseases
Clonal hematopoiesis
Multistate model
UK Biobank
title Association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality: a prospective study of UK Biobank
title_full Association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality: a prospective study of UK Biobank
title_fullStr Association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality: a prospective study of UK Biobank
title_full_unstemmed Association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality: a prospective study of UK Biobank
title_short Association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality: a prospective study of UK Biobank
title_sort association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality a prospective study of uk biobank
topic Cardiometabolic diseases
Clonal hematopoiesis
Multistate model
UK Biobank
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02639-8
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