Integrated Energy Storage Systems for Enhanced Grid Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Applications
The rapid global shift toward renewable energy necessitates innovative solutions to address the intermittency and variability of solar and wind power. This study presents a comprehensive review and framework for deploying Integrated Energy Storage Systems (IESSs) to enhance grid efficiency and stabi...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1848 |
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| author | Raphael I. Areola Abayomi A. Adebiyi Katleho Moloi |
| author_facet | Raphael I. Areola Abayomi A. Adebiyi Katleho Moloi |
| author_sort | Raphael I. Areola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid global shift toward renewable energy necessitates innovative solutions to address the intermittency and variability of solar and wind power. This study presents a comprehensive review and framework for deploying Integrated Energy Storage Systems (IESSs) to enhance grid efficiency and stability. By leveraging a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework, this study synthesizes techno-economic optimization, lifecycle emissions, and policy frameworks to evaluate storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, pumped hydro storage, and vanadium flow batteries. The framework prioritizes hybrid storage systems (e.g., battery–supercapacitor configurations), demonstrating 15% higher grid stability in high-renewable penetration scenarios, and validates findings through global case studies, including the Hornsdale Power Reserve (90–95% round-trip efficiency) and Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (15,000+ cycles for flow batteries). Regionally tailored strategies, such as Kenya’s fast-track licensing and Germany’s H2Global auctions, reduce deployment timelines by 30–40%, while equity-focused policies like India’s SAUBHAGYA scheme cut energy poverty by 25%. This study emphasizes circular economy principles, advocating for mandates like the EU’s 70% lithium recovery target to reduce raw material costs by 40%. Despite reliance on static cost projections and evolving regulatory landscapes, the MCDA framework’s dynamic adaptation mechanisms, including sensitivity analysis for carbon taxes (USD 100/ton CO<sub>2</sub>-eq boosts hydrogen viability by 25%), ensure scalability across diverse grids. This work bridges critical gaps in renewable energy integration, offering actionable insights for policymakers and grid operators to achieve resilient, low-carbon energy systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b8fb1b78533546fca7c42069ca3cfcdb |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-b8fb1b78533546fca7c42069ca3cfcdb2025-08-20T03:08:52ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-04-01187184810.3390/en18071848Integrated Energy Storage Systems for Enhanced Grid Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and ApplicationsRaphael I. Areola0Abayomi A. Adebiyi1Katleho Moloi2Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaDepartment of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaDepartment of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaThe rapid global shift toward renewable energy necessitates innovative solutions to address the intermittency and variability of solar and wind power. This study presents a comprehensive review and framework for deploying Integrated Energy Storage Systems (IESSs) to enhance grid efficiency and stability. By leveraging a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework, this study synthesizes techno-economic optimization, lifecycle emissions, and policy frameworks to evaluate storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, pumped hydro storage, and vanadium flow batteries. The framework prioritizes hybrid storage systems (e.g., battery–supercapacitor configurations), demonstrating 15% higher grid stability in high-renewable penetration scenarios, and validates findings through global case studies, including the Hornsdale Power Reserve (90–95% round-trip efficiency) and Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (15,000+ cycles for flow batteries). Regionally tailored strategies, such as Kenya’s fast-track licensing and Germany’s H2Global auctions, reduce deployment timelines by 30–40%, while equity-focused policies like India’s SAUBHAGYA scheme cut energy poverty by 25%. This study emphasizes circular economy principles, advocating for mandates like the EU’s 70% lithium recovery target to reduce raw material costs by 40%. Despite reliance on static cost projections and evolving regulatory landscapes, the MCDA framework’s dynamic adaptation mechanisms, including sensitivity analysis for carbon taxes (USD 100/ton CO<sub>2</sub>-eq boosts hydrogen viability by 25%), ensure scalability across diverse grids. This work bridges critical gaps in renewable energy integration, offering actionable insights for policymakers and grid operators to achieve resilient, low-carbon energy systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1848integrated energy storage systemsgrid efficiencyrenewable energyhybrid storagelithium-ion batteriespumped hydro storage |
| spellingShingle | Raphael I. Areola Abayomi A. Adebiyi Katleho Moloi Integrated Energy Storage Systems for Enhanced Grid Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Applications Energies integrated energy storage systems grid efficiency renewable energy hybrid storage lithium-ion batteries pumped hydro storage |
| title | Integrated Energy Storage Systems for Enhanced Grid Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Applications |
| title_full | Integrated Energy Storage Systems for Enhanced Grid Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Applications |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Energy Storage Systems for Enhanced Grid Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Energy Storage Systems for Enhanced Grid Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Applications |
| title_short | Integrated Energy Storage Systems for Enhanced Grid Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies and Applications |
| title_sort | integrated energy storage systems for enhanced grid efficiency a comprehensive review of technologies and applications |
| topic | integrated energy storage systems grid efficiency renewable energy hybrid storage lithium-ion batteries pumped hydro storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1848 |
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