Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein, Acid-Labile Subunit Serum Level During the Acute and Convalescent Stage of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depicted in a Longitudinal Study of 72 Patients During the First Wave of Pandemic
Hossam Gad,1,* Mohamed A Mahmoud,2,* Mohamed Antar,1 Ahmed Sayed Ahmed,2 Krzysztof Laudanski3 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Division Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 3Department of Anesthes...
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Dove Medical Press
2025-06-01
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| author | Gad H Mahmoud MA Antar M Sayed Ahmed A Laudanski K |
| author_facet | Gad H Mahmoud MA Antar M Sayed Ahmed A Laudanski K |
| author_sort | Gad H |
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| description | Hossam Gad,1,&ast; Mohamed A Mahmoud,2,&ast; Mohamed Antar,1 Ahmed Sayed Ahmed,2 Krzysztof Laudanski3 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Division Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 3Department of Anesthesiology and Critical care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Krzysztof Laudanski, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA, Tel +1 508-762-9587, Email laudanski.krzysztof@mayo.eduPurpose: Recent discoveries have pointed to the role of IGFALS immunological response to viral challenges, potentially leading to the emergence of a cytokine storm. Here, we investigate if serum IGFALS during the acute response to SARS-CoV-2 will not be likely to accompany immune response during acute phase and convalescence.Patients and Methods: We recruited patients hospitalized with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 and have blood collected after securing consent (tadm), at 48 hours (t48hrs), 7 days (t7d), and after discharge from hospital (tlong). IGFALS and IGF-1 in serum were measured to assess dynamics of the illness and compared against non-specific inflammatory (C-reactive protein, IL-6) markers. Serum titers of IgG against proteins S and N assessed specific viral responses. Serum HMGB-1 was measured to assess level of necrosis. Demographic and clinical data were collected using electronic health records (EHR). Survival was determined at six months from admission.Results: No difference between serum IGFALS and IGF-1 levels was seen across the studied time points. IGFALSadm showed significant positive correlations with IGFALS48hrs (r2=0.18; p< 0.001), IGFALS7d (r2= 0.19; p=0.004), and IGFALSlong (r2 = 0.23; p=0.045). IGFALS correlated negatively with IGF-1 but positively with growth hormone. IGFALSadm showed significant inverse correlations with serum levels of HMGB1adm (r2= 0.26; p = < 0.001) and t48hr (r2 = 0.27; p< 0.001). A significant correlation in the case of IGFALS48hrs and CRP48hrs (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.021), IGFALSlong and CRPlong (r2 = 0.271, p=0.039) was seen. Similar correlations were seen at 48 hours of sampling time for IL-6 (r2 = 0.14, p=0.006). In terms of specific antiviral response, we observed that serum IGFALSadm demonstrated correlation levels of serum IgGadm (r2 = 0.09, p=0.024). A positive correlation was found between length of stay in hospital or ICU and serum IGFALS48hrs.Conclusion: Though IGFALS serum levels did not change significantly during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we observed correlations with markers of tissue destruction, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and length of hospital stay.Keywords: IGFALS, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, cytokine storm, IL-6, longitudinal study, infection |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b8f8363d3043495cabc24c10bb045584 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1178-2390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj-art-b8f8363d3043495cabc24c10bb0455842025-08-20T03:24:01ZengDove Medical PressJournal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare1178-23902025-06-01Volume 18Issue 134473453103891Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein, Acid-Labile Subunit Serum Level During the Acute and Convalescent Stage of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depicted in a Longitudinal Study of 72 Patients During the First Wave of PandemicGad H0Mahmoud MA1Antar M2Sayed Ahmed A3Laudanski K4Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative CarePulmonary and Critical Care DivisionDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative CarePulmonary and Critical Care DivisionDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative CareHossam Gad,1,&ast; Mohamed A Mahmoud,2,&ast; Mohamed Antar,1 Ahmed Sayed Ahmed,2 Krzysztof Laudanski3 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Division Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 3Department of Anesthesiology and Critical care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Krzysztof Laudanski, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA, Tel +1 508-762-9587, Email laudanski.krzysztof@mayo.eduPurpose: Recent discoveries have pointed to the role of IGFALS immunological response to viral challenges, potentially leading to the emergence of a cytokine storm. Here, we investigate if serum IGFALS during the acute response to SARS-CoV-2 will not be likely to accompany immune response during acute phase and convalescence.Patients and Methods: We recruited patients hospitalized with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 and have blood collected after securing consent (tadm), at 48 hours (t48hrs), 7 days (t7d), and after discharge from hospital (tlong). IGFALS and IGF-1 in serum were measured to assess dynamics of the illness and compared against non-specific inflammatory (C-reactive protein, IL-6) markers. Serum titers of IgG against proteins S and N assessed specific viral responses. Serum HMGB-1 was measured to assess level of necrosis. Demographic and clinical data were collected using electronic health records (EHR). Survival was determined at six months from admission.Results: No difference between serum IGFALS and IGF-1 levels was seen across the studied time points. IGFALSadm showed significant positive correlations with IGFALS48hrs (r2=0.18; p< 0.001), IGFALS7d (r2= 0.19; p=0.004), and IGFALSlong (r2 = 0.23; p=0.045). IGFALS correlated negatively with IGF-1 but positively with growth hormone. IGFALSadm showed significant inverse correlations with serum levels of HMGB1adm (r2= 0.26; p = < 0.001) and t48hr (r2 = 0.27; p< 0.001). A significant correlation in the case of IGFALS48hrs and CRP48hrs (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.021), IGFALSlong and CRPlong (r2 = 0.271, p=0.039) was seen. Similar correlations were seen at 48 hours of sampling time for IL-6 (r2 = 0.14, p=0.006). In terms of specific antiviral response, we observed that serum IGFALSadm demonstrated correlation levels of serum IgGadm (r2 = 0.09, p=0.024). A positive correlation was found between length of stay in hospital or ICU and serum IGFALS48hrs.Conclusion: Though IGFALS serum levels did not change significantly during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we observed correlations with markers of tissue destruction, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and length of hospital stay.Keywords: IGFALS, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, cytokine storm, IL-6, longitudinal study, infectionhttps://www.dovepress.com/insulin-like-growth-factor-binding-protein-acid-labile-subunit-serum-l-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JMDHIGFALSCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Cytokine stormIL-6Longitudinal study |
| spellingShingle | Gad H Mahmoud MA Antar M Sayed Ahmed A Laudanski K Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein, Acid-Labile Subunit Serum Level During the Acute and Convalescent Stage of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depicted in a Longitudinal Study of 72 Patients During the First Wave of Pandemic Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare IGFALS COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Cytokine storm IL-6 Longitudinal study |
| title | Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein, Acid-Labile Subunit Serum Level During the Acute and Convalescent Stage of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depicted in a Longitudinal Study of 72 Patients During the First Wave of Pandemic |
| title_full | Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein, Acid-Labile Subunit Serum Level During the Acute and Convalescent Stage of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depicted in a Longitudinal Study of 72 Patients During the First Wave of Pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein, Acid-Labile Subunit Serum Level During the Acute and Convalescent Stage of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depicted in a Longitudinal Study of 72 Patients During the First Wave of Pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein, Acid-Labile Subunit Serum Level During the Acute and Convalescent Stage of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depicted in a Longitudinal Study of 72 Patients During the First Wave of Pandemic |
| title_short | Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein, Acid-Labile Subunit Serum Level During the Acute and Convalescent Stage of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depicted in a Longitudinal Study of 72 Patients During the First Wave of Pandemic |
| title_sort | insulin like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunit serum level during the acute and convalescent stage of sars cov 2 infection depicted in a longitudinal study of 72 patients during the first wave of pandemic |
| topic | IGFALS COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Cytokine storm IL-6 Longitudinal study |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/insulin-like-growth-factor-binding-protein-acid-labile-subunit-serum-l-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JMDH |
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