The Double-Icodextrin Dose Randomized Controlled Trial of a Double Icodextrin Dose for Older Patients on Incremental Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Introduction: Icodextrin enhances ultrafiltration (UF) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) but is restricted to 1 bag/d, according to regulatory authorities. The Double-Icodextrin Dose (DIDo) study is a prospective randomized trial investigating the superiority and safety of using 2 bags/d versu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eric Goffin, Clémence Béchade, Cécile Courivaud, Catherine Bresson, Françoise Heibel, Jean-Claude Stoléar, Karlien François, Fatouma Touré, Didier Aguilera, François Vrtovsnik, Bert Bammens, Michel Jadoul, Olivier Devuyst, Martin Wilkie, Aurélie Bertrand, Thierry Lobbedez, Joelle Nortier, Dr Philippe Bovy, Dr Jean-Claude Stolear, Dr Olivier Mat, Dr Didier Aguilera, Luc Frimat, Dr Marie-Françoise Nogier, Dr Alexandre Klein, Dr Marc Kribs, Iain Macdougall
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Kidney International Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925003390
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849415460814061568
author Eric Goffin
Clémence Béchade
Cécile Courivaud
Catherine Bresson
Françoise Heibel
Jean-Claude Stoléar
Karlien François
Fatouma Touré
Didier Aguilera
François Vrtovsnik
Bert Bammens
Michel Jadoul
Olivier Devuyst
Martin Wilkie
Aurélie Bertrand
Thierry Lobbedez
Eric Goffin
Bert Bammens
Joelle Nortier
Dr Philippe Bovy
Dr Jean-Claude Stolear
Karlien François
Dr Olivier Mat
François Vrtovsnik
Dr Didier Aguilera
Thierry Lobbedez
Luc Frimat
Dr Marie-Françoise Nogier
Dr Alexandre Klein
Cécile Courivaud
Dr Marc Kribs
Fatouma Touré
Iain Macdougall
Martin Wilkie
author_facet Eric Goffin
Clémence Béchade
Cécile Courivaud
Catherine Bresson
Françoise Heibel
Jean-Claude Stoléar
Karlien François
Fatouma Touré
Didier Aguilera
François Vrtovsnik
Bert Bammens
Michel Jadoul
Olivier Devuyst
Martin Wilkie
Aurélie Bertrand
Thierry Lobbedez
Eric Goffin
Bert Bammens
Joelle Nortier
Dr Philippe Bovy
Dr Jean-Claude Stolear
Karlien François
Dr Olivier Mat
François Vrtovsnik
Dr Didier Aguilera
Thierry Lobbedez
Luc Frimat
Dr Marie-Françoise Nogier
Dr Alexandre Klein
Cécile Courivaud
Dr Marc Kribs
Fatouma Touré
Iain Macdougall
Martin Wilkie
author_sort Eric Goffin
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Icodextrin enhances ultrafiltration (UF) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) but is restricted to 1 bag/d, according to regulatory authorities. The Double-Icodextrin Dose (DIDo) study is a prospective randomized trial investigating the superiority and safety of using 2 bags/d versus 1 bag/d of icodextrin to extend incremental (3 bags/d) continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) duration in older incident patients. Methods: After a 2-month “run-in” period, the patients were randomized to 2 icodextrin (“double dose”) + 1 glucose or 1 icodextrin (“single dose”) + 2 glucose dialysates daily. The primary end point was a composite of excessive use of hypertonic dialysates, transfer to another dialysis modality (automated PD [APD], nonincremental CAPD, or hemodialysis) or death at month 9. Secondary end points included mortality, daily UF, technique survival, rates of peritonitis and hospitalizations, and safety at month 18. Results: Forty-one patients were randomized to double dose and 42 to single-dose icodextrin. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced between groups. At month 9, the proportion of patients who discontinued 3 exchanges/d was similar between those receiving the double and the single icodextrin dose (16 [39%] vs. 21 [50%]; HR: 0.69; 95% confidence interval: 0.35–1.33). The results were similar at month 18. Patients in the double dose icodextrin had higher net UF and less hypertonic dialysates use. Rates of peritonitis, hospitalizations, residual urine output decline and serious adverse events (SAEs) were similar between both groups. Conclusion: In older patients on incremental CAPD, the double icodextrin dose did not reduce the primary outcome incidence compared with the single icodextrin dose. Significantly enhanced UF was observed in the double icodextrin dose group and no safety issue was identified.
format Article
id doaj-art-b8f6107ff88d47f78e42fc62d0941c63
institution Kabale University
issn 2468-0249
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Kidney International Reports
spelling doaj-art-b8f6107ff88d47f78e42fc62d0941c632025-08-20T03:33:31ZengElsevierKidney International Reports2468-02492025-08-011082585259610.1016/j.ekir.2025.05.036The Double-Icodextrin Dose Randomized Controlled Trial of a Double Icodextrin Dose for Older Patients on Incremental Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal DialysisEric Goffin0Clémence Béchade1Cécile Courivaud2Catherine Bresson3Françoise Heibel4Jean-Claude Stoléar5Karlien François6Fatouma Touré7Didier Aguilera8François Vrtovsnik9Bert Bammens10Michel Jadoul11Olivier Devuyst12Martin Wilkie13Aurélie Bertrand14Thierry Lobbedez15Eric GoffinBert BammensJoelle NortierDr Philippe BovyDr Jean-Claude StolearKarlien FrançoisDr Olivier MatFrançois VrtovsnikDr Didier AguileraThierry LobbedezLuc FrimatDr Marie-Françoise NogierDr Alexandre KleinCécile CourivaudDr Marc KribsFatouma TouréIain MacdougallMartin WilkieDepartment of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Correspondence: Eric Goffin, Department of Nephrology, Cliniques univesitaires Saint-LucAvenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.Department of Nephrology, Centre Universitaire des Maladies Rénales, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, Caen, France; UFR de Médecine, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Caen, France; Anticipe, U1086 Inserm-UCN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, FranceDepartment of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, FranceDepartment of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, FranceDepartment of Nephrology, Hopital Civil, Strasbourg, FranceDepartment of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier de Wallonie Picarde, Tournai, BelgiumDepartment of Nephrology and Arterial Hypertension, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Kidney Diseases, Dialysis and Transplantation Research Unit, Vitality Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, FranceDepartment of Nephrology, Hôpital de Vichy, Vichy, FranceDepartment of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, Paris, FranceDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, BelgiumSheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UKStatistical Methodology and Computing Service Technological Platform, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumDepartment of Nephrology, Centre Universitaire des Maladies Rénales, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, Caen, France; UFR de Médecine, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Caen, France; Anticipe, U1086 Inserm-UCN, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, FranceIntroduction: Icodextrin enhances ultrafiltration (UF) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) but is restricted to 1 bag/d, according to regulatory authorities. The Double-Icodextrin Dose (DIDo) study is a prospective randomized trial investigating the superiority and safety of using 2 bags/d versus 1 bag/d of icodextrin to extend incremental (3 bags/d) continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) duration in older incident patients. Methods: After a 2-month “run-in” period, the patients were randomized to 2 icodextrin (“double dose”) + 1 glucose or 1 icodextrin (“single dose”) + 2 glucose dialysates daily. The primary end point was a composite of excessive use of hypertonic dialysates, transfer to another dialysis modality (automated PD [APD], nonincremental CAPD, or hemodialysis) or death at month 9. Secondary end points included mortality, daily UF, technique survival, rates of peritonitis and hospitalizations, and safety at month 18. Results: Forty-one patients were randomized to double dose and 42 to single-dose icodextrin. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced between groups. At month 9, the proportion of patients who discontinued 3 exchanges/d was similar between those receiving the double and the single icodextrin dose (16 [39%] vs. 21 [50%]; HR: 0.69; 95% confidence interval: 0.35–1.33). The results were similar at month 18. Patients in the double dose icodextrin had higher net UF and less hypertonic dialysates use. Rates of peritonitis, hospitalizations, residual urine output decline and serious adverse events (SAEs) were similar between both groups. Conclusion: In older patients on incremental CAPD, the double icodextrin dose did not reduce the primary outcome incidence compared with the single icodextrin dose. Significantly enhanced UF was observed in the double icodextrin dose group and no safety issue was identified.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925003390icodextrinperitoneal dialysisultrafiltration
spellingShingle Eric Goffin
Clémence Béchade
Cécile Courivaud
Catherine Bresson
Françoise Heibel
Jean-Claude Stoléar
Karlien François
Fatouma Touré
Didier Aguilera
François Vrtovsnik
Bert Bammens
Michel Jadoul
Olivier Devuyst
Martin Wilkie
Aurélie Bertrand
Thierry Lobbedez
Eric Goffin
Bert Bammens
Joelle Nortier
Dr Philippe Bovy
Dr Jean-Claude Stolear
Karlien François
Dr Olivier Mat
François Vrtovsnik
Dr Didier Aguilera
Thierry Lobbedez
Luc Frimat
Dr Marie-Françoise Nogier
Dr Alexandre Klein
Cécile Courivaud
Dr Marc Kribs
Fatouma Touré
Iain Macdougall
Martin Wilkie
The Double-Icodextrin Dose Randomized Controlled Trial of a Double Icodextrin Dose for Older Patients on Incremental Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Kidney International Reports
icodextrin
peritoneal dialysis
ultrafiltration
title The Double-Icodextrin Dose Randomized Controlled Trial of a Double Icodextrin Dose for Older Patients on Incremental Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
title_full The Double-Icodextrin Dose Randomized Controlled Trial of a Double Icodextrin Dose for Older Patients on Incremental Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
title_fullStr The Double-Icodextrin Dose Randomized Controlled Trial of a Double Icodextrin Dose for Older Patients on Incremental Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
title_full_unstemmed The Double-Icodextrin Dose Randomized Controlled Trial of a Double Icodextrin Dose for Older Patients on Incremental Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
title_short The Double-Icodextrin Dose Randomized Controlled Trial of a Double Icodextrin Dose for Older Patients on Incremental Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
title_sort double icodextrin dose randomized controlled trial of a double icodextrin dose for older patients on incremental continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
topic icodextrin
peritoneal dialysis
ultrafiltration
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925003390
work_keys_str_mv AT ericgoffin thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT clemencebechade thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT cecilecourivaud thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT catherinebresson thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT francoiseheibel thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT jeanclaudestolear thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT karlienfrancois thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT fatoumatoure thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT didieraguilera thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT francoisvrtovsnik thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT bertbammens thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT micheljadoul thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT olivierdevuyst thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT martinwilkie thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT aureliebertrand thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT thierrylobbedez thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT ericgoffin thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT bertbammens thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT joellenortier thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drphilippebovy thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drjeanclaudestolear thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT karlienfrancois thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT droliviermat thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT francoisvrtovsnik thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drdidieraguilera thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT thierrylobbedez thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT lucfrimat thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drmariefrancoisenogier thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT dralexandreklein thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT cecilecourivaud thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drmarckribs thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT fatoumatoure thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT iainmacdougall thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT martinwilkie thedoubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT ericgoffin doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT clemencebechade doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT cecilecourivaud doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT catherinebresson doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT francoiseheibel doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT jeanclaudestolear doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT karlienfrancois doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT fatoumatoure doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT didieraguilera doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT francoisvrtovsnik doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT bertbammens doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT micheljadoul doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT olivierdevuyst doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT martinwilkie doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT aureliebertrand doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT thierrylobbedez doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT ericgoffin doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT bertbammens doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT joellenortier doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drphilippebovy doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drjeanclaudestolear doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT karlienfrancois doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT droliviermat doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT francoisvrtovsnik doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drdidieraguilera doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT thierrylobbedez doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT lucfrimat doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drmariefrancoisenogier doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT dralexandreklein doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT cecilecourivaud doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT drmarckribs doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT fatoumatoure doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT iainmacdougall doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis
AT martinwilkie doubleicodextrindoserandomizedcontrolledtrialofadoubleicodextrindoseforolderpatientsonincrementalcontinuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis