Bloodstream infections with emphasis on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bloodstream infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is becoming more prevalent in bacteremia and septicemia cases. Thus, this study determined Staphylococcal bacteremia, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections, an...

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Main Authors: Minichil Worku, Solomon Belay, Tigist Molla, Azanaw Amare, Mitkie Tigabie, Wesam Taher Almagharbeh, Muluneh Assefa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11074-3
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author Minichil Worku
Solomon Belay
Tigist Molla
Azanaw Amare
Mitkie Tigabie
Wesam Taher Almagharbeh
Muluneh Assefa
author_facet Minichil Worku
Solomon Belay
Tigist Molla
Azanaw Amare
Mitkie Tigabie
Wesam Taher Almagharbeh
Muluneh Assefa
author_sort Minichil Worku
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bloodstream infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is becoming more prevalent in bacteremia and septicemia cases. Thus, this study determined Staphylococcal bacteremia, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods and materials This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all age bloodstream suspected patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital from January 1th 2022 to June 30th, 2022. Data were collected using a designed data extraction tool. Blood samples were collected and inoculated to a sterile Tryptic Soya Broth. Bottles with bacterial growth were subcultured to blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and mannitol salt agar plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data were entered using Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Results Among 1200 patients included in this study, 719 (59.9%) were males. The prevalence of S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 26.2% (111/424) and 68.5% (76/111), respectively. The blood culture growth rate was 35.3% (424/1200). Among the isolated organisms, Gram-positive cocci account for 217 (51.2%) and Gram-negative bacilli were 173 (41.0%). Among S. aureus isolates, 63.7% were sensitive to gentamicin and 91.9% were resistant to penicillin. A high prevalence of bacteremia was found in males (60.1%) and ward locations at the neonatal intensive care unit (57.1%). Specifically, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was highly prevalent in males, followed by pediatric age groups, and neonatal intensive care unit, which were 59.2%, 56.6%, and 44.7%, respectively. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia was high, indicating its spread in hospital settings such as intensive care units. This requires routine detection, molecular characterization of mecA gene, and improved infection prevention at the healthcare facility.
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spelling doaj-art-b8f2a8fa3db04906b17175dff60624772025-08-20T01:49:33ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-05-012511610.1186/s12879-025-11074-3Bloodstream infections with emphasis on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, Northwest EthiopiaMinichil Worku0Solomon Belay1Tigist Molla2Azanaw Amare3Mitkie Tigabie4Wesam Taher Almagharbeh5Muluneh Assefa6University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, University of GondarUniversity of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, University of GondarUniversity of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, University of GondarDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of GondarDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of GondarDepartment of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of TabukDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of GondarAbstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bloodstream infections worldwide. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is becoming more prevalent in bacteremia and septicemia cases. Thus, this study determined Staphylococcal bacteremia, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods and materials This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all age bloodstream suspected patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital from January 1th 2022 to June 30th, 2022. Data were collected using a designed data extraction tool. Blood samples were collected and inoculated to a sterile Tryptic Soya Broth. Bottles with bacterial growth were subcultured to blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and mannitol salt agar plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data were entered using Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Results Among 1200 patients included in this study, 719 (59.9%) were males. The prevalence of S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 26.2% (111/424) and 68.5% (76/111), respectively. The blood culture growth rate was 35.3% (424/1200). Among the isolated organisms, Gram-positive cocci account for 217 (51.2%) and Gram-negative bacilli were 173 (41.0%). Among S. aureus isolates, 63.7% were sensitive to gentamicin and 91.9% were resistant to penicillin. A high prevalence of bacteremia was found in males (60.1%) and ward locations at the neonatal intensive care unit (57.1%). Specifically, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was highly prevalent in males, followed by pediatric age groups, and neonatal intensive care unit, which were 59.2%, 56.6%, and 44.7%, respectively. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia was high, indicating its spread in hospital settings such as intensive care units. This requires routine detection, molecular characterization of mecA gene, and improved infection prevention at the healthcare facility.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11074-3Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusBloodstream infectionNorthwest Ethiopia
spellingShingle Minichil Worku
Solomon Belay
Tigist Molla
Azanaw Amare
Mitkie Tigabie
Wesam Taher Almagharbeh
Muluneh Assefa
Bloodstream infections with emphasis on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
BMC Infectious Diseases
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Bloodstream infection
Northwest Ethiopia
title Bloodstream infections with emphasis on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
title_full Bloodstream infections with emphasis on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
title_fullStr Bloodstream infections with emphasis on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Bloodstream infections with emphasis on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
title_short Bloodstream infections with emphasis on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
title_sort bloodstream infections with emphasis on methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus at the university of gondar comprehensive specialized and referral hospital northwest ethiopia
topic Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Bloodstream infection
Northwest Ethiopia
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11074-3
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