Relationships Among Childhood Bullying, Academic Satisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults with Disabilities

Purpose/Objective: Children with disabilities are at a greater risk of being bullied and experience mental health and academic problems that may persist in adulthood. This study examined the association of childhood bullying experiences with current mental health (anxiety and depression) among adult...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bryan R. Christ, Bani Malhotra, Ghizlane Moustaid, Olivia Chapman, Paul B. Perrin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Diseases
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/6/165
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849472431324921856
author Bryan R. Christ
Bani Malhotra
Ghizlane Moustaid
Olivia Chapman
Paul B. Perrin
author_facet Bryan R. Christ
Bani Malhotra
Ghizlane Moustaid
Olivia Chapman
Paul B. Perrin
author_sort Bryan R. Christ
collection DOAJ
description Purpose/Objective: Children with disabilities are at a greater risk of being bullied and experience mental health and academic problems that may persist in adulthood. This study examined the association of childhood bullying experiences with current mental health (anxiety and depression) among adults with disabilities, and whether academic satisfaction mediated the relationship between childhood bullying and adult mental health outcomes. Research Method/Design: A sample of 409 adult participants with disabilities who had had their disabilities while attending school, and currently, completed an online survey assessing bullying experiences (California Bullying Victimization Scale-Retrospective), academic satisfaction (Academic Satisfaction Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). Bivariate correlations and two mediation analyses were conducted to identify the direct and indirect effects of school bullying experiences on current mental health outcomes, via academic satisfaction. Results: Participants reported a moderate amount of childhood bullying and relatively high levels of depression and anxiety symptomology (with averages close to or exceeding clinical cutoffs of 10). Bivariate correlations among the four variables were all significantly moderately or strongly correlated. Bullying and academic satisfaction had direct associations with depression and anxiety. Academic satisfaction partially mediated the relationships between bullying and both mental health outcomes. Conclusions/Implications: Bullying prevention interventions and programs, especially geared toward preventing bullying in students with disabilities, are critical to stop the likely long-term impacts of bullying on mental health outcomes in disabled communities.
format Article
id doaj-art-b8ce45bdd6084ee59f4cdc7fcf186b96
institution Kabale University
issn 2079-9721
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Diseases
spelling doaj-art-b8ce45bdd6084ee59f4cdc7fcf186b962025-08-20T03:24:32ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212025-05-0113616510.3390/diseases13060165Relationships Among Childhood Bullying, Academic Satisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults with DisabilitiesBryan R. Christ0Bani Malhotra1Ghizlane Moustaid2Olivia Chapman3Paul B. Perrin4School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USADepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USADepartment of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USADepartment of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USASchool of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USAPurpose/Objective: Children with disabilities are at a greater risk of being bullied and experience mental health and academic problems that may persist in adulthood. This study examined the association of childhood bullying experiences with current mental health (anxiety and depression) among adults with disabilities, and whether academic satisfaction mediated the relationship between childhood bullying and adult mental health outcomes. Research Method/Design: A sample of 409 adult participants with disabilities who had had their disabilities while attending school, and currently, completed an online survey assessing bullying experiences (California Bullying Victimization Scale-Retrospective), academic satisfaction (Academic Satisfaction Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). Bivariate correlations and two mediation analyses were conducted to identify the direct and indirect effects of school bullying experiences on current mental health outcomes, via academic satisfaction. Results: Participants reported a moderate amount of childhood bullying and relatively high levels of depression and anxiety symptomology (with averages close to or exceeding clinical cutoffs of 10). Bivariate correlations among the four variables were all significantly moderately or strongly correlated. Bullying and academic satisfaction had direct associations with depression and anxiety. Academic satisfaction partially mediated the relationships between bullying and both mental health outcomes. Conclusions/Implications: Bullying prevention interventions and programs, especially geared toward preventing bullying in students with disabilities, are critical to stop the likely long-term impacts of bullying on mental health outcomes in disabled communities.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/6/165disabilitychildhood bullyingacademic satisfactionadult mental health
spellingShingle Bryan R. Christ
Bani Malhotra
Ghizlane Moustaid
Olivia Chapman
Paul B. Perrin
Relationships Among Childhood Bullying, Academic Satisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults with Disabilities
Diseases
disability
childhood bullying
academic satisfaction
adult mental health
title Relationships Among Childhood Bullying, Academic Satisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults with Disabilities
title_full Relationships Among Childhood Bullying, Academic Satisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults with Disabilities
title_fullStr Relationships Among Childhood Bullying, Academic Satisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults with Disabilities
title_full_unstemmed Relationships Among Childhood Bullying, Academic Satisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults with Disabilities
title_short Relationships Among Childhood Bullying, Academic Satisfaction, and Mental Health Outcomes in Adults with Disabilities
title_sort relationships among childhood bullying academic satisfaction and mental health outcomes in adults with disabilities
topic disability
childhood bullying
academic satisfaction
adult mental health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/6/165
work_keys_str_mv AT bryanrchrist relationshipsamongchildhoodbullyingacademicsatisfactionandmentalhealthoutcomesinadultswithdisabilities
AT banimalhotra relationshipsamongchildhoodbullyingacademicsatisfactionandmentalhealthoutcomesinadultswithdisabilities
AT ghizlanemoustaid relationshipsamongchildhoodbullyingacademicsatisfactionandmentalhealthoutcomesinadultswithdisabilities
AT oliviachapman relationshipsamongchildhoodbullyingacademicsatisfactionandmentalhealthoutcomesinadultswithdisabilities
AT paulbperrin relationshipsamongchildhoodbullyingacademicsatisfactionandmentalhealthoutcomesinadultswithdisabilities