Experimental Analysis of Accuracy and Precision in Displacement Measurement Using Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar
Millimeter-wave radar is emerging as a key sensor technology not only for autonomous driving but also for various industrial applications, such as vital sign monitoring and structural displacement sensing using millimeter-wave FMCW radar, which must detect extremely small displacements on the sub-mi...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3316 |
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| author | Hajime Takamatsu Nariteru Hinohara Ken Suzuki Fuminori Sakai |
| author_facet | Hajime Takamatsu Nariteru Hinohara Ken Suzuki Fuminori Sakai |
| author_sort | Hajime Takamatsu |
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| description | Millimeter-wave radar is emerging as a key sensor technology not only for autonomous driving but also for various industrial applications, such as vital sign monitoring and structural displacement sensing using millimeter-wave FMCW radar, which must detect extremely small displacements on the sub-micron scale. Accurate displacement measurements fundamentally rely on obtaining precise intermediate frequency (IF) phase data over slow time (i.e., chirp-to-chirp intervals or pulse repetition time) generated by the radar sensor system. In this study, we developed a millimeter-wave FMCW radar sensor for displacement sensing using a 77–81 GHz radar transceiver MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) and evaluated its accuracy and precision through a series of experiments. First, we assessed the MMIC’s phase performance under static conditions using a rigid RF waveguide, and second, we measured a vibrating target using an industrial vibration shaker as a reference. The experiments demonstrated a maximum accuracy error of +0.359 degrees (1.907 μm displacement) and a maximum 3-sigma precision of ±0.358 degrees (±1.180 μm displacement), validating the feasibility of using millimeter-wave radar to measure very small displacements. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b8c732b0a8eb44f4aee021e9f92555e1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-b8c732b0a8eb44f4aee021e9f92555e12025-08-20T03:43:10ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156331610.3390/app15063316Experimental Analysis of Accuracy and Precision in Displacement Measurement Using Millimeter-Wave FMCW RadarHajime Takamatsu0Nariteru Hinohara1Ken Suzuki2Fuminori Sakai3Analog Devices KK, 1-9-1 Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-7323, JapanAnalog Devices KK, 1-9-1 Higashi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-7323, JapanSakura Tech Corporation, 3-2-6, Shin-Yokohama, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-0033, Kanagawa, JapanSakura Tech Corporation, 3-2-6, Shin-Yokohama, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-0033, Kanagawa, JapanMillimeter-wave radar is emerging as a key sensor technology not only for autonomous driving but also for various industrial applications, such as vital sign monitoring and structural displacement sensing using millimeter-wave FMCW radar, which must detect extremely small displacements on the sub-micron scale. Accurate displacement measurements fundamentally rely on obtaining precise intermediate frequency (IF) phase data over slow time (i.e., chirp-to-chirp intervals or pulse repetition time) generated by the radar sensor system. In this study, we developed a millimeter-wave FMCW radar sensor for displacement sensing using a 77–81 GHz radar transceiver MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) and evaluated its accuracy and precision through a series of experiments. First, we assessed the MMIC’s phase performance under static conditions using a rigid RF waveguide, and second, we measured a vibrating target using an industrial vibration shaker as a reference. The experiments demonstrated a maximum accuracy error of +0.359 degrees (1.907 μm displacement) and a maximum 3-sigma precision of ±0.358 degrees (±1.180 μm displacement), validating the feasibility of using millimeter-wave radar to measure very small displacements.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3316displacement measuringvibration monitoringcondition-based monitoringCbMFMCW radarmillimeter wave |
| spellingShingle | Hajime Takamatsu Nariteru Hinohara Ken Suzuki Fuminori Sakai Experimental Analysis of Accuracy and Precision in Displacement Measurement Using Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar Applied Sciences displacement measuring vibration monitoring condition-based monitoring CbM FMCW radar millimeter wave |
| title | Experimental Analysis of Accuracy and Precision in Displacement Measurement Using Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar |
| title_full | Experimental Analysis of Accuracy and Precision in Displacement Measurement Using Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Analysis of Accuracy and Precision in Displacement Measurement Using Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Analysis of Accuracy and Precision in Displacement Measurement Using Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar |
| title_short | Experimental Analysis of Accuracy and Precision in Displacement Measurement Using Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar |
| title_sort | experimental analysis of accuracy and precision in displacement measurement using millimeter wave fmcw radar |
| topic | displacement measuring vibration monitoring condition-based monitoring CbM FMCW radar millimeter wave |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3316 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hajimetakamatsu experimentalanalysisofaccuracyandprecisionindisplacementmeasurementusingmillimeterwavefmcwradar AT nariteruhinohara experimentalanalysisofaccuracyandprecisionindisplacementmeasurementusingmillimeterwavefmcwradar AT kensuzuki experimentalanalysisofaccuracyandprecisionindisplacementmeasurementusingmillimeterwavefmcwradar AT fuminorisakai experimentalanalysisofaccuracyandprecisionindisplacementmeasurementusingmillimeterwavefmcwradar |