The burden of hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania

BackgroundThe most frequent electrolyte derangement in adults with stroke is hyponatremia, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. The study aimed to investigate the hyponatremia incidence and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large...

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Main Authors: Johari Katanga, Igembe Nkandala, Joshua Ngimbwa, Lilian Andrew Mwamba, Innocent Kitandu Paul, Sospeter Berling, Gladness Xavier, Matilda K. Basinda, Sophia Kagoye, Karim Mahawish, Sarah Shali Matuja
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Stroke
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fstro.2025.1546358/full
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author Johari Katanga
Igembe Nkandala
Joshua Ngimbwa
Lilian Andrew Mwamba
Innocent Kitandu Paul
Sospeter Berling
Gladness Xavier
Matilda K. Basinda
Sophia Kagoye
Karim Mahawish
Sarah Shali Matuja
author_facet Johari Katanga
Igembe Nkandala
Joshua Ngimbwa
Lilian Andrew Mwamba
Innocent Kitandu Paul
Sospeter Berling
Gladness Xavier
Matilda K. Basinda
Sophia Kagoye
Karim Mahawish
Sarah Shali Matuja
author_sort Johari Katanga
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe most frequent electrolyte derangement in adults with stroke is hyponatremia, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. The study aimed to investigate the hyponatremia incidence and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania.MethodsThis cohort study recruited adults presenting with first-ever stroke (as defined by the World Health Organization) between November 2023 to May 2024. Data were collected on demographics, the degree of neurological impairment at admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and laboratory workup, including sodium levels, on admission; the modified Rankin Scale was used to assess stroke outcomes. We used modified Poisson and logistic regressions to examine factors associated with hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes, respectively.ResultsIn total, 167 adults were enrolled, of which 56.9% (n = 95) were female, with a median age of 60 years (interquartile range [IQR] 40–74), and 71.2% (n = 119) had hypertension and heart failure. The hyponatremia incidence was 29.3% (n = 49), and among these participants, 53% (n = 26) had mild hyponatremia. Factors associated with hyponatremia were the use of mannitol on admission (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 3.14, 95% CI [1.81, 5.44], p < 0.001) and increasing NIHSS scores (aPR 1.03, 95% CI [1.00, 1.06], p < 0.05). There were no differences in 30-day mortality between those with and without hyponatremia (respectively, 38.3% vs. 36.7%, p = 0.79). The presence of leukocytosis was independently associated with 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.7, 95% CI [1.39, 5.36], p = 0.004), and the median length of hospital stay was significantly higher in those with hyponatremia compared to those without: 7 days (IQR 4–9) vs. 5 days (IQR 3–9), p = 0.032.ConclusionHyponatremia, which is associated with increased stroke severity, probable infections, and prolonged hospital stays, is prevalent among adults with stroke in Northwestern Tanzania. The high prevalence of hypertension and heart failure underscores the need for targeted preventive strategies. Early detection and appropriately managing hyponatremia are essential to improve stroke outcomes in this region.
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spelling doaj-art-b8bcbb32a4374199ad4073ebe96e70ed2025-08-20T03:43:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Stroke2813-30562025-03-01410.3389/fstro.2025.15463581546358The burden of hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern TanzaniaJohari Katanga0Igembe Nkandala1Joshua Ngimbwa2Lilian Andrew Mwamba3Innocent Kitandu Paul4Sospeter Berling5Gladness Xavier6Matilda K. Basinda7Sophia Kagoye8Karim Mahawish9Sarah Shali Matuja10Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, TanzaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, TanzaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, ChinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, TanzaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, TanzaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, TanzaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, TanzaniaNational Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Stroke Medicine, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New ZealandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, TanzaniaBackgroundThe most frequent electrolyte derangement in adults with stroke is hyponatremia, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. The study aimed to investigate the hyponatremia incidence and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania.MethodsThis cohort study recruited adults presenting with first-ever stroke (as defined by the World Health Organization) between November 2023 to May 2024. Data were collected on demographics, the degree of neurological impairment at admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and laboratory workup, including sodium levels, on admission; the modified Rankin Scale was used to assess stroke outcomes. We used modified Poisson and logistic regressions to examine factors associated with hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes, respectively.ResultsIn total, 167 adults were enrolled, of which 56.9% (n = 95) were female, with a median age of 60 years (interquartile range [IQR] 40–74), and 71.2% (n = 119) had hypertension and heart failure. The hyponatremia incidence was 29.3% (n = 49), and among these participants, 53% (n = 26) had mild hyponatremia. Factors associated with hyponatremia were the use of mannitol on admission (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 3.14, 95% CI [1.81, 5.44], p < 0.001) and increasing NIHSS scores (aPR 1.03, 95% CI [1.00, 1.06], p < 0.05). There were no differences in 30-day mortality between those with and without hyponatremia (respectively, 38.3% vs. 36.7%, p = 0.79). The presence of leukocytosis was independently associated with 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.7, 95% CI [1.39, 5.36], p = 0.004), and the median length of hospital stay was significantly higher in those with hyponatremia compared to those without: 7 days (IQR 4–9) vs. 5 days (IQR 3–9), p = 0.032.ConclusionHyponatremia, which is associated with increased stroke severity, probable infections, and prolonged hospital stays, is prevalent among adults with stroke in Northwestern Tanzania. The high prevalence of hypertension and heart failure underscores the need for targeted preventive strategies. Early detection and appropriately managing hyponatremia are essential to improve stroke outcomes in this region.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fstro.2025.1546358/fullstrokehyponatremiamorbiditymortalityhypertensionTanzania
spellingShingle Johari Katanga
Igembe Nkandala
Joshua Ngimbwa
Lilian Andrew Mwamba
Innocent Kitandu Paul
Sospeter Berling
Gladness Xavier
Matilda K. Basinda
Sophia Kagoye
Karim Mahawish
Sarah Shali Matuja
The burden of hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania
Frontiers in Stroke
stroke
hyponatremia
morbidity
mortality
hypertension
Tanzania
title The burden of hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania
title_full The burden of hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania
title_fullStr The burden of hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania
title_full_unstemmed The burden of hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania
title_short The burden of hyponatremia and 30-day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Northwestern Tanzania
title_sort burden of hyponatremia and 30 day outcomes among adults admitted with stroke at a large tertiary teaching hospital in northwestern tanzania
topic stroke
hyponatremia
morbidity
mortality
hypertension
Tanzania
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fstro.2025.1546358/full
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