Optimization of network device hardening in a multivendor environment

Abstract This paper presents a Python-based Nornir framework for automating network device hardening in multi-vendor environments, addressing critical gaps in scalability and interoperability. Unlike existing single-vendor solutions, our method enforces CIS benchmarks across Cisco, Juniper, and Fort...

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Main Authors: Ali Bello Imoukhuede, Tarek Rahil Sheltami, Asharf Hasan Mahmoud, Abdulaziz Yagoub Barnawi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97894-4
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author Ali Bello Imoukhuede
Tarek Rahil Sheltami
Asharf Hasan Mahmoud
Abdulaziz Yagoub Barnawi
author_facet Ali Bello Imoukhuede
Tarek Rahil Sheltami
Asharf Hasan Mahmoud
Abdulaziz Yagoub Barnawi
author_sort Ali Bello Imoukhuede
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This paper presents a Python-based Nornir framework for automating network device hardening in multi-vendor environments, addressing critical gaps in scalability and interoperability. Unlike existing single-vendor solutions, our method enforces CIS benchmarks across Cisco, Juniper, and Fortinet devices, achieving an 82.18% reduction in hardening time compared to prior automation tools and a 99.99% improvement over manual techniques. By leveraging Nornir’s multi-threading and vendor-agnostic inventory management, the framework ensures consistent security policies while eliminating configuration errors. Experimental results across 18 heterogeneous devices demonstrate its efficiency, with full hardening completed in 44 s (95% CI [43.8, 44.1]). This work provides enterprises with a scalable solution to rapidly secure complex networks against evolving threats, bridging the gap between compliance standards and real-world deployment.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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spelling doaj-art-b8bbf9f6ca0443f0aa9f37e13449bebf2025-08-20T03:52:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-97894-4Optimization of network device hardening in a multivendor environmentAli Bello Imoukhuede0Tarek Rahil Sheltami1Asharf Hasan Mahmoud2Abdulaziz Yagoub Barnawi3Computer Engineering Department, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsComputer Engineering Department, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsComputer Engineering Department, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsComputer Engineering Department, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Secure Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsAbstract This paper presents a Python-based Nornir framework for automating network device hardening in multi-vendor environments, addressing critical gaps in scalability and interoperability. Unlike existing single-vendor solutions, our method enforces CIS benchmarks across Cisco, Juniper, and Fortinet devices, achieving an 82.18% reduction in hardening time compared to prior automation tools and a 99.99% improvement over manual techniques. By leveraging Nornir’s multi-threading and vendor-agnostic inventory management, the framework ensures consistent security policies while eliminating configuration errors. Experimental results across 18 heterogeneous devices demonstrate its efficiency, with full hardening completed in 44 s (95% CI [43.8, 44.1]). This work provides enterprises with a scalable solution to rapidly secure complex networks against evolving threats, bridging the gap between compliance standards and real-world deployment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97894-4Network securityAutomationDevice hardeningOptimizationPerformance
spellingShingle Ali Bello Imoukhuede
Tarek Rahil Sheltami
Asharf Hasan Mahmoud
Abdulaziz Yagoub Barnawi
Optimization of network device hardening in a multivendor environment
Scientific Reports
Network security
Automation
Device hardening
Optimization
Performance
title Optimization of network device hardening in a multivendor environment
title_full Optimization of network device hardening in a multivendor environment
title_fullStr Optimization of network device hardening in a multivendor environment
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of network device hardening in a multivendor environment
title_short Optimization of network device hardening in a multivendor environment
title_sort optimization of network device hardening in a multivendor environment
topic Network security
Automation
Device hardening
Optimization
Performance
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97894-4
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