Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy – human clinical trial considerations

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral crucial for human health. Nearly a dozen human clinical trials with seleno-methionine (SeMet) and selenized-yeast (contains mostly SeMet) for the prevention of non-cutaneous solid organ cancers in North America and European countries conclusively refuted t...

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Main Authors: Lü Junxuan, Jiang Cheng, Hu Hongbo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-01-01
Series:Medical Review
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2024-0065
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author Lü Junxuan
Jiang Cheng
Hu Hongbo
author_facet Lü Junxuan
Jiang Cheng
Hu Hongbo
author_sort Lü Junxuan
collection DOAJ
description Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral crucial for human health. Nearly a dozen human clinical trials with seleno-methionine (SeMet) and selenized-yeast (contains mostly SeMet) for the prevention of non-cutaneous solid organ cancers in North America and European countries conclusively refuted their utility. We have articulated two lessons from these trials: (1) the anti-oxidant hypothesis was tested in inappropriate Se-adequate populations, and (2) the selection of these Se forms was not supported by cell culture and animal efficacy data. Nevertheless, preclinical studies of proximal methylselenol precursors (“methyl Se”) have shown many desirable attributes, involving crucial molecules and pathways in cancer epithelial cells, vascular endothelial, immune and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment, for potential use as chemopreventive and therapy agents. Methylseleninic acid and Se-methylselenocysteine are prototypical methyl-Se, yet not equal in their targets. Selenate, selenite and selenious acid had been recently studied in human clinical trials, providing novel safety data, but, missing critical genotoxicity assessments. Given the popularity of Se-enriched foods in China and a continued presence of nutritional Se deficiency in many localities, we discuss recommendations for clinical studies of Se forms for cancer therapy or chemoprevention in China and other countries with similar Se nutrition predicament.
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spelling doaj-art-b8b8c3cb306b44d596bc06cf1ce707f22025-08-20T03:29:47ZengDe GruyterMedical Review2749-96422025-01-015320323010.1515/mr-2024-0065Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy – human clinical trial considerationsLü Junxuan0Jiang Cheng1Hu Hongbo2Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USADepartment of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USACollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaSelenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral crucial for human health. Nearly a dozen human clinical trials with seleno-methionine (SeMet) and selenized-yeast (contains mostly SeMet) for the prevention of non-cutaneous solid organ cancers in North America and European countries conclusively refuted their utility. We have articulated two lessons from these trials: (1) the anti-oxidant hypothesis was tested in inappropriate Se-adequate populations, and (2) the selection of these Se forms was not supported by cell culture and animal efficacy data. Nevertheless, preclinical studies of proximal methylselenol precursors (“methyl Se”) have shown many desirable attributes, involving crucial molecules and pathways in cancer epithelial cells, vascular endothelial, immune and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment, for potential use as chemopreventive and therapy agents. Methylseleninic acid and Se-methylselenocysteine are prototypical methyl-Se, yet not equal in their targets. Selenate, selenite and selenious acid had been recently studied in human clinical trials, providing novel safety data, but, missing critical genotoxicity assessments. Given the popularity of Se-enriched foods in China and a continued presence of nutritional Se deficiency in many localities, we discuss recommendations for clinical studies of Se forms for cancer therapy or chemoprevention in China and other countries with similar Se nutrition predicament.https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2024-0065seleniummethylselenolmethylseleninic acidhuman clinical trials
spellingShingle Lü Junxuan
Jiang Cheng
Hu Hongbo
Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy – human clinical trial considerations
Medical Review
selenium
methylselenol
methylseleninic acid
human clinical trials
title Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy – human clinical trial considerations
title_full Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy – human clinical trial considerations
title_fullStr Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy – human clinical trial considerations
title_full_unstemmed Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy – human clinical trial considerations
title_short Selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy – human clinical trial considerations
title_sort selenium compounds for cancer prevention and therapy human clinical trial considerations
topic selenium
methylselenol
methylseleninic acid
human clinical trials
url https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2024-0065
work_keys_str_mv AT lujunxuan seleniumcompoundsforcancerpreventionandtherapyhumanclinicaltrialconsiderations
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AT huhongbo seleniumcompoundsforcancerpreventionandtherapyhumanclinicaltrialconsiderations