The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar–tensor gravity

Abstract The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion for the thermal equilibrium of a fluid at rest in a static general-relativistic geometry is generalized to scalar–tensor gravity. Surprisingly, the gravitational scalar field, which fixes the strength of the effective gravitational coupling, does not play a ro...

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Main Authors: Numa Karolinski, Valerio Faraoni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-12-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13632-6
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author Numa Karolinski
Valerio Faraoni
author_facet Numa Karolinski
Valerio Faraoni
author_sort Numa Karolinski
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion for the thermal equilibrium of a fluid at rest in a static general-relativistic geometry is generalized to scalar–tensor gravity. Surprisingly, the gravitational scalar field, which fixes the strength of the effective gravitational coupling, does not play a role in determining thermal equilibrium. As a result, heat does not sink more in a gravitational field where gravity is stronger.
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institution Kabale University
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series European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
spelling doaj-art-b8ab2d8cd68a40759f6e249a3a312fce2025-02-02T12:39:09ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522024-12-01841211010.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13632-6The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar–tensor gravityNuma Karolinski0Valerio Faraoni1Physics Department, McGill UniversityDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Bishop’s UniversityAbstract The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion for the thermal equilibrium of a fluid at rest in a static general-relativistic geometry is generalized to scalar–tensor gravity. Surprisingly, the gravitational scalar field, which fixes the strength of the effective gravitational coupling, does not play a role in determining thermal equilibrium. As a result, heat does not sink more in a gravitational field where gravity is stronger.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13632-6
spellingShingle Numa Karolinski
Valerio Faraoni
The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar–tensor gravity
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar–tensor gravity
title_full The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar–tensor gravity
title_fullStr The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar–tensor gravity
title_full_unstemmed The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar–tensor gravity
title_short The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar–tensor gravity
title_sort tolman ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar tensor gravity
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13632-6
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