What Can We Learn from Dissecting Tortricid Females About the Efficacy of Mating Disruption Programs?

Female mating success for the tortricids codling moth (CM), <i>Cydia pomonella</i>, Oriental fruit moth (OFM), <i>Grapholita molesta</i>, European grape vine moth (EGVM), <i>Lobesia botrana</i>, and five leafroller (LR) species under various mating disruption (MD)...

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Main Authors: Alan Lee Knight, Michele Preti, Esteban Basoalto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Insects
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/248
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author Alan Lee Knight
Michele Preti
Esteban Basoalto
author_facet Alan Lee Knight
Michele Preti
Esteban Basoalto
author_sort Alan Lee Knight
collection DOAJ
description Female mating success for the tortricids codling moth (CM), <i>Cydia pomonella</i>, Oriental fruit moth (OFM), <i>Grapholita molesta</i>, European grape vine moth (EGVM), <i>Lobesia botrana</i>, and five leafroller (LR) species under various mating disruption (MD) programs was reviewed at a time when new dual sex lures can provide alternative tools to assess female mating. Previous reliance on passive assessments such as tethering and virgin female-baited traps with laboratory moths are at odds with active trapping methods of wild moths. Additive factors such as delayed mating, adjustments in female behaviors, and greater levels of natural control may or may not contribute to the apparent success of MD. Current MD programs are not based solely on research, as economics and commercialization require some compromise. The complete sex pheromone blend is not always used. A delay in mating has been reported from the field with one study and suggested that reductions in fecundity would likely be minimal. There is no evidence that MD works better with low population densities. MD is an established technology, but the new dual sex lures are showing that the density of mated females is rather high. Efforts to improve the efficacy of MD are ongoing with a small cadre of researchers.
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spelling doaj-art-b8a4cfbc51b743ab8381c085bbfbfa842025-08-20T02:11:14ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-02-0116324810.3390/insects16030248What Can We Learn from Dissecting Tortricid Females About the Efficacy of Mating Disruption Programs?Alan Lee Knight0Michele Preti1Esteban Basoalto2Instar Biologicals, Yakima, WA 98908, USAIndependent Integrated Pest Management Consultant and Researcher, 48018 Faenza, ItalyFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, ChileFemale mating success for the tortricids codling moth (CM), <i>Cydia pomonella</i>, Oriental fruit moth (OFM), <i>Grapholita molesta</i>, European grape vine moth (EGVM), <i>Lobesia botrana</i>, and five leafroller (LR) species under various mating disruption (MD) programs was reviewed at a time when new dual sex lures can provide alternative tools to assess female mating. Previous reliance on passive assessments such as tethering and virgin female-baited traps with laboratory moths are at odds with active trapping methods of wild moths. Additive factors such as delayed mating, adjustments in female behaviors, and greater levels of natural control may or may not contribute to the apparent success of MD. Current MD programs are not based solely on research, as economics and commercialization require some compromise. The complete sex pheromone blend is not always used. A delay in mating has been reported from the field with one study and suggested that reductions in fecundity would likely be minimal. There is no evidence that MD works better with low population densities. MD is an established technology, but the new dual sex lures are showing that the density of mated females is rather high. Efforts to improve the efficacy of MD are ongoing with a small cadre of researchers.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/248virgin and mated femalesdelay of matingmoth immigrationfemale behaviorpheromone autodetection
spellingShingle Alan Lee Knight
Michele Preti
Esteban Basoalto
What Can We Learn from Dissecting Tortricid Females About the Efficacy of Mating Disruption Programs?
Insects
virgin and mated females
delay of mating
moth immigration
female behavior
pheromone autodetection
title What Can We Learn from Dissecting Tortricid Females About the Efficacy of Mating Disruption Programs?
title_full What Can We Learn from Dissecting Tortricid Females About the Efficacy of Mating Disruption Programs?
title_fullStr What Can We Learn from Dissecting Tortricid Females About the Efficacy of Mating Disruption Programs?
title_full_unstemmed What Can We Learn from Dissecting Tortricid Females About the Efficacy of Mating Disruption Programs?
title_short What Can We Learn from Dissecting Tortricid Females About the Efficacy of Mating Disruption Programs?
title_sort what can we learn from dissecting tortricid females about the efficacy of mating disruption programs
topic virgin and mated females
delay of mating
moth immigration
female behavior
pheromone autodetection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/248
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AT estebanbasoalto whatcanwelearnfromdissectingtortricidfemalesabouttheefficacyofmatingdisruptionprograms