Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective. Examine the effects of exercise on femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women. Methods. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled exercise trials ≥24 weeks in premenopausal women. Standardized effect sizes (g) were calculated for each result and...

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Main Authors: George A. Kelley, Kristi S. Kelley, Wendy M. Kohrt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013-01-01
Series:International Journal of Endocrinology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/741639
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author George A. Kelley
Kristi S. Kelley
Wendy M. Kohrt
author_facet George A. Kelley
Kristi S. Kelley
Wendy M. Kohrt
author_sort George A. Kelley
collection DOAJ
description Objective. Examine the effects of exercise on femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women. Methods. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled exercise trials ≥24 weeks in premenopausal women. Standardized effect sizes (g) were calculated for each result and pooled using random-effects models, Z score alpha values, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and number needed to treat (NNT). Heterogeneity was examined using Q and I2. Moderator and predictor analyses using mixed-effects ANOVA and simple metaregression were conducted. Statistical significance was set at P≤0.05. Results. Statistically significant improvements were found for both FN (7g's, 466 participants, g=0.342, 95%  CI=0.132, 0.553, P=0.001, Q=10.8, P=0.22, I2=25.7%, NNT=5) and LS (6g's, 402 participants, g=0.201, 95%  CI=0.009, 0.394, P=0.04, Q=3.3, P=0.65, I2=0%, NNT=9) BMD. A trend for greater benefits in FN BMD was observed for studies published in countries other than the United States and for those who participated in home versus facility-based exercise. Statistically significant, or a trend for statistically significant, associations were observed for 7 different moderators and predictors, 6 for FN BMD and 1 for LS BMD. Conclusions. Exercise benefits FN and LS BMD in premenopausal women. The observed moderators and predictors deserve further investigation in well-designed randomized controlled trials.
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spelling doaj-art-b890c14ed84445a4bad9ce99ce8375b82025-08-20T02:19:07ZengWileyInternational Journal of Endocrinology1687-83371687-83452013-01-01201310.1155/2013/741639741639Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsGeorge A. Kelley0Kristi S. Kelley1Wendy M. Kohrt2Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USADepartment of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USADivision of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, P.O. Box 6511, Mail Stop B179, 12631 East 17th Avenue-L15, Aurora, CO 80045, USAObjective. Examine the effects of exercise on femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women. Methods. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled exercise trials ≥24 weeks in premenopausal women. Standardized effect sizes (g) were calculated for each result and pooled using random-effects models, Z score alpha values, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and number needed to treat (NNT). Heterogeneity was examined using Q and I2. Moderator and predictor analyses using mixed-effects ANOVA and simple metaregression were conducted. Statistical significance was set at P≤0.05. Results. Statistically significant improvements were found for both FN (7g's, 466 participants, g=0.342, 95%  CI=0.132, 0.553, P=0.001, Q=10.8, P=0.22, I2=25.7%, NNT=5) and LS (6g's, 402 participants, g=0.201, 95%  CI=0.009, 0.394, P=0.04, Q=3.3, P=0.65, I2=0%, NNT=9) BMD. A trend for greater benefits in FN BMD was observed for studies published in countries other than the United States and for those who participated in home versus facility-based exercise. Statistically significant, or a trend for statistically significant, associations were observed for 7 different moderators and predictors, 6 for FN BMD and 1 for LS BMD. Conclusions. Exercise benefits FN and LS BMD in premenopausal women. The observed moderators and predictors deserve further investigation in well-designed randomized controlled trials.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/741639
spellingShingle George A. Kelley
Kristi S. Kelley
Wendy M. Kohrt
Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
International Journal of Endocrinology
title Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_full Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_fullStr Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_full_unstemmed Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_short Exercise and Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
title_sort exercise and bone mineral density in premenopausal women a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/741639
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AT wendymkohrt exerciseandbonemineraldensityinpremenopausalwomenametaanalysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials