Evaluation of Luffa Rootstocks to Improve Resistance in Bitter Gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) Against Fusarium Wilt

Fusarium wilt in bitter gourd caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>momordicae</i> (Fomo) is a severe plant disease that affects the world’s bitter gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) cultivation. This study evaluated nine luffa hybrids for their perform...

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Main Authors: Ahmed Namisy, Shu-Yun Chen, Benjapon Sritongkam, Jintana Unartngam, Chinnapan Thanarut, Wen-Hsin Chung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/8/1168
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author Ahmed Namisy
Shu-Yun Chen
Benjapon Sritongkam
Jintana Unartngam
Chinnapan Thanarut
Wen-Hsin Chung
author_facet Ahmed Namisy
Shu-Yun Chen
Benjapon Sritongkam
Jintana Unartngam
Chinnapan Thanarut
Wen-Hsin Chung
author_sort Ahmed Namisy
collection DOAJ
description Fusarium wilt in bitter gourd caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>momordicae</i> (Fomo) is a severe plant disease that affects the world’s bitter gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) cultivation. This study evaluated nine luffa hybrids for their performance as rootstocks with bitter gourd to control <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>luffae</i> (Folu) isolate Fomh16 and Fomo isolate Fomo33. In the first evaluation, five hybrids (LF1, LF2, LF3, LF15, and LF16) exhibited resistance to the Fomh16 isolate and showed no symptoms. One hybrid, LF10, was resistant with a mean disease rating (MDR) of 0.9 at 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). Seven luff hybrids that displayed resistant and moderate resistance in the first evaluation were used as rootstocks with susceptible bitter gourd cultivars. Five rootstocks exhibited high resistance to Fomh16 and Fomo33 isolates, with their MDR ranging from 0.0 to 0.7. In addition, the findings revealed that both isolates could colonize the vascular bundle of all resistant luffa rootstocks at 28 dpi. However, the Fomo33 isolate could extend and colonize the vascular bundle of bitter gourd scion when grafted only with rootstock LF5 and LF11. The quantitative PCR results indicated that there were significant differences in the amount of the Fomo33 DNA between the bitter gourd grafted onto LF15 and LF16 rootstocks and the self-grafted plants; however, the pathogen cannot be detected in the bitter gourd scions grafted with resistant rootstocks. These findings provide valuable resistant sources that can be used as rootstocks to manage Fusarium wilt disease in bitter gourd.
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spelling doaj-art-b88a06827f004ca18df4dd047af9c0842025-08-20T02:28:38ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-04-01148116810.3390/plants14081168Evaluation of Luffa Rootstocks to Improve Resistance in Bitter Gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) Against Fusarium WiltAhmed Namisy0Shu-Yun Chen1Benjapon Sritongkam2Jintana Unartngam3Chinnapan Thanarut4Wen-Hsin Chung5Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanDepartment of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, ThailandDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen 10900, ThailandDivision of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, ThailandDepartment of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanFusarium wilt in bitter gourd caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>momordicae</i> (Fomo) is a severe plant disease that affects the world’s bitter gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) cultivation. This study evaluated nine luffa hybrids for their performance as rootstocks with bitter gourd to control <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>luffae</i> (Folu) isolate Fomh16 and Fomo isolate Fomo33. In the first evaluation, five hybrids (LF1, LF2, LF3, LF15, and LF16) exhibited resistance to the Fomh16 isolate and showed no symptoms. One hybrid, LF10, was resistant with a mean disease rating (MDR) of 0.9 at 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). Seven luff hybrids that displayed resistant and moderate resistance in the first evaluation were used as rootstocks with susceptible bitter gourd cultivars. Five rootstocks exhibited high resistance to Fomh16 and Fomo33 isolates, with their MDR ranging from 0.0 to 0.7. In addition, the findings revealed that both isolates could colonize the vascular bundle of all resistant luffa rootstocks at 28 dpi. However, the Fomo33 isolate could extend and colonize the vascular bundle of bitter gourd scion when grafted only with rootstock LF5 and LF11. The quantitative PCR results indicated that there were significant differences in the amount of the Fomo33 DNA between the bitter gourd grafted onto LF15 and LF16 rootstocks and the self-grafted plants; however, the pathogen cannot be detected in the bitter gourd scions grafted with resistant rootstocks. These findings provide valuable resistant sources that can be used as rootstocks to manage Fusarium wilt disease in bitter gourd.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/8/1168bitter gourd<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>cucurbits graftingresistant rootstocksoil-borne disease
spellingShingle Ahmed Namisy
Shu-Yun Chen
Benjapon Sritongkam
Jintana Unartngam
Chinnapan Thanarut
Wen-Hsin Chung
Evaluation of Luffa Rootstocks to Improve Resistance in Bitter Gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) Against Fusarium Wilt
Plants
bitter gourd
<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>
cucurbits grafting
resistant rootstock
soil-borne disease
title Evaluation of Luffa Rootstocks to Improve Resistance in Bitter Gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) Against Fusarium Wilt
title_full Evaluation of Luffa Rootstocks to Improve Resistance in Bitter Gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) Against Fusarium Wilt
title_fullStr Evaluation of Luffa Rootstocks to Improve Resistance in Bitter Gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) Against Fusarium Wilt
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Luffa Rootstocks to Improve Resistance in Bitter Gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) Against Fusarium Wilt
title_short Evaluation of Luffa Rootstocks to Improve Resistance in Bitter Gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) Against Fusarium Wilt
title_sort evaluation of luffa rootstocks to improve resistance in bitter gourd i momordica charantia i l against fusarium wilt
topic bitter gourd
<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>
cucurbits grafting
resistant rootstock
soil-borne disease
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/8/1168
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