Lead and its Health Hazards

Metals are important source of pollutant toxicants which occur naturally in the environment. Now-a-days many metals have become essential to various biological processes and some level of human exposure is therefore unavoidable. Lead has been used by humans for at least 7000 years alone and in comb...

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Main Authors: Syed Sanowar Ali, Nasim Karim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bahria Univerisy Health Sciences, Campus Karachi 2016-06-01
Series:Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jbumdc.bahria.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/167
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author Syed Sanowar Ali
Nasim Karim
author_facet Syed Sanowar Ali
Nasim Karim
author_sort Syed Sanowar Ali
collection DOAJ
description Metals are important source of pollutant toxicants which occur naturally in the environment. Now-a-days many metals have become essential to various biological processes and some level of human exposure is therefore unavoidable. Lead has been used by humans for at least 7000 years alone and in combination with other metals. It is highly toxic, ductile, malleable and easy to smelt. A wide range of adverse effects could be induced in human beings depending upon the dose and time period of lead exposure. Central nervous system of children is the most sensitive to lead effects while peripheral neuropathy, chronic nephropathy, and hypertension are the main concerns in adults. Other target tissues include the gastrointestinal, immune, skeletal, and reproductive systems. Effects on the heme biosynthesis provide a sensitive biochemical indicator even in the absence of other detectable effects. Present review is therefore written to provide comprehensive awareness regarding lead and its health hazards.
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publisher Bahria Univerisy Health Sciences, Campus Karachi
record_format Article
series Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College
spelling doaj-art-b880a24d27ec4ba19b0e420d7082fd032025-08-20T03:13:18ZengBahria Univerisy Health Sciences, Campus KarachiJournal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College2220-75622617-94822016-06-0162Lead and its Health HazardsSyed Sanowar AliNasim Karim Metals are important source of pollutant toxicants which occur naturally in the environment. Now-a-days many metals have become essential to various biological processes and some level of human exposure is therefore unavoidable. Lead has been used by humans for at least 7000 years alone and in combination with other metals. It is highly toxic, ductile, malleable and easy to smelt. A wide range of adverse effects could be induced in human beings depending upon the dose and time period of lead exposure. Central nervous system of children is the most sensitive to lead effects while peripheral neuropathy, chronic nephropathy, and hypertension are the main concerns in adults. Other target tissues include the gastrointestinal, immune, skeletal, and reproductive systems. Effects on the heme biosynthesis provide a sensitive biochemical indicator even in the absence of other detectable effects. Present review is therefore written to provide comprehensive awareness regarding lead and its health hazards. https://jbumdc.bahria.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/167Heavy metals, Lead, Human exposure, Health hazards, Toxicity, Prevention
spellingShingle Syed Sanowar Ali
Nasim Karim
Lead and its Health Hazards
Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College
Heavy metals, Lead, Human exposure, Health hazards, Toxicity, Prevention
title Lead and its Health Hazards
title_full Lead and its Health Hazards
title_fullStr Lead and its Health Hazards
title_full_unstemmed Lead and its Health Hazards
title_short Lead and its Health Hazards
title_sort lead and its health hazards
topic Heavy metals, Lead, Human exposure, Health hazards, Toxicity, Prevention
url https://jbumdc.bahria.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/167
work_keys_str_mv AT syedsanowarali leadanditshealthhazards
AT nasimkarim leadanditshealthhazards