Optical coherence tomography angiography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a disease affecting the microvascular system??

Abstract Purpose To investigate retinal thickness and vascular structure in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) and to compare the results with healthy controls. Method The medical records of NAFLD patients were...

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Main Authors: Nurdan Gamze Tasli, Betul Onal Gunay, Adem Ugurlu, Mehtap Arslanturk Eren, Murat Aykut, Cenap Mahmut Esenülkü
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04136-2
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author Nurdan Gamze Tasli
Betul Onal Gunay
Adem Ugurlu
Mehtap Arslanturk Eren
Murat Aykut
Cenap Mahmut Esenülkü
author_facet Nurdan Gamze Tasli
Betul Onal Gunay
Adem Ugurlu
Mehtap Arslanturk Eren
Murat Aykut
Cenap Mahmut Esenülkü
author_sort Nurdan Gamze Tasli
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose To investigate retinal thickness and vascular structure in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) and to compare the results with healthy controls. Method The medical records of NAFLD patients were retrospectively reviewed. Macular thickness (MT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness were assessed. The vessel density (VD) of Superficial Capillary Plexus (SCP), Deep Capillary Plexus (DCP), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ circularity index (CI), and FAZ perimeter were also recorded. Results The study included 64 patients with NAFLD and 64 healthy controls. Mean MT and pRNFLT were similar between groups. The study group showed a significant reduction in VD-DCP compared to the control group (36.0 ± 5.2 vs. 38.5 ± 4.1, p < 0.001). Total FAZ area was greater in the study group than in the control group (0.42 ± 0.10 vs. 0.33 ± 0.12mm2, p < 0.001). FAZ CI also differed between groups (0.47 ± 0.08 vs. 0.53 ± 0.08, p < 0.001). Enlarged FAZ area and decreased VD-DCP were significantly associated with NAFLD severity. Conclusion Individuals with NAFLD have certain changes in the retinal microvasculature, including reduced VD-DCP, an increased FAZ area, and a decreased of FAZ CI. The variations in VD-DCP and FAZ area exhibit discrepancies according to the disease grade. There are some limitations, including its retrospective nature, the small number of participants, the lack of analysis of the peripapillary area, and the lack of examination of longitudinal changes.
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spelling doaj-art-b87775a954d048a2b5032f9cd51d99382025-08-20T03:48:19ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152025-05-012511810.1186/s12886-025-04136-2Optical coherence tomography angiography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a disease affecting the microvascular system??Nurdan Gamze Tasli0Betul Onal Gunay1Adem Ugurlu2Mehtap Arslanturk Eren3Murat Aykut4Cenap Mahmut Esenülkü5Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Resarch HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Resarch HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Resarch HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Resarch HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Resarch HospitalAbstract Purpose To investigate retinal thickness and vascular structure in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) and to compare the results with healthy controls. Method The medical records of NAFLD patients were retrospectively reviewed. Macular thickness (MT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness were assessed. The vessel density (VD) of Superficial Capillary Plexus (SCP), Deep Capillary Plexus (DCP), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ circularity index (CI), and FAZ perimeter were also recorded. Results The study included 64 patients with NAFLD and 64 healthy controls. Mean MT and pRNFLT were similar between groups. The study group showed a significant reduction in VD-DCP compared to the control group (36.0 ± 5.2 vs. 38.5 ± 4.1, p < 0.001). Total FAZ area was greater in the study group than in the control group (0.42 ± 0.10 vs. 0.33 ± 0.12mm2, p < 0.001). FAZ CI also differed between groups (0.47 ± 0.08 vs. 0.53 ± 0.08, p < 0.001). Enlarged FAZ area and decreased VD-DCP were significantly associated with NAFLD severity. Conclusion Individuals with NAFLD have certain changes in the retinal microvasculature, including reduced VD-DCP, an increased FAZ area, and a decreased of FAZ CI. The variations in VD-DCP and FAZ area exhibit discrepancies according to the disease grade. There are some limitations, including its retrospective nature, the small number of participants, the lack of analysis of the peripapillary area, and the lack of examination of longitudinal changes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04136-2Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseOCTOCTAFAZ areaFAZ circularity index
spellingShingle Nurdan Gamze Tasli
Betul Onal Gunay
Adem Ugurlu
Mehtap Arslanturk Eren
Murat Aykut
Cenap Mahmut Esenülkü
Optical coherence tomography angiography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a disease affecting the microvascular system??
BMC Ophthalmology
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
OCT
OCTA
FAZ area
FAZ circularity index
title Optical coherence tomography angiography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a disease affecting the microvascular system??
title_full Optical coherence tomography angiography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a disease affecting the microvascular system??
title_fullStr Optical coherence tomography angiography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a disease affecting the microvascular system??
title_full_unstemmed Optical coherence tomography angiography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a disease affecting the microvascular system??
title_short Optical coherence tomography angiography in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a disease affecting the microvascular system??
title_sort optical coherence tomography angiography in non alcoholic fatty liver disease is it a disease affecting the microvascular system
topic Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
OCT
OCTA
FAZ area
FAZ circularity index
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04136-2
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