Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020–2021): a population-based survey
Abstract Background Urban arboviruses pose a significant global burden, particularly in tropical regions like Brazil. São Sebastião, a lower-middle-class urban area just 26 km from the Brazilian capital, is an endemic area for dengue. However, asymptomatic cases may obscure the actual extent of the...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10516-2 |
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| author | Tayane Nobre Andre Luiz Dutra Fenner Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo Wildo Navegantes de Araújo Emmanuel Roux Pascal Handschumacher Helen Gurgel Bruno Dallago Mariana Hecht Luciana Hagström Walter Massa Ramalho Nadjar Nitz |
| author_facet | Tayane Nobre Andre Luiz Dutra Fenner Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo Wildo Navegantes de Araújo Emmanuel Roux Pascal Handschumacher Helen Gurgel Bruno Dallago Mariana Hecht Luciana Hagström Walter Massa Ramalho Nadjar Nitz |
| author_sort | Tayane Nobre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Urban arboviruses pose a significant global burden, particularly in tropical regions like Brazil. São Sebastião, a lower-middle-class urban area just 26 km from the Brazilian capital, is an endemic area for dengue. However, asymptomatic cases may obscure the actual extent of the disease. In this study, we measured the seroprevalence of dengue, Zika virus, and chikungunya, and compared these findings with surveillance data. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,535 households. ELISA serological tests were performed to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against dengue, Zika virus, and chikungunya. History of previous exposure to arboviruses, data on age, gender, and education level were collected through a questionnaire. Participants who tested positive for IgM and/or IgG were classified as soropositive. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, associations, mean comparisons, and correlations. Positive serological results were compared with cases captured by local epidemiological surveillance. Results The study included 1,405 individuals, divided into two groups related to pre-pandemic and pandemic COVID-19 phases. Among participants, 0.7% to 28.8% self-reported history of dengue, Zika, or chikungunya. However, the estimated overall seroprevalence was 64.3% (95% CI: 61.8–66.7) for dengue virus, 51.4% (95% CI: 48.8–53.9) for Zika virus, and 5.4% (95% CI: 4.4–6.7) for chikungunya virus. Multiple arboviruses were noted at 4.0% (95% CI: 3.1–5.1). Advancing age and lower education were associated with higher exposure to arboviruses (p < 0.05). The estimated number of urban arboviral infections was 84 times higher than reported cases. Conclusions The large gap between seroprevalence estimates and cases captured by epidemiological surveillance suggests a silent circulation of arboviruses, highlighting the need for comprehensive serological surveys in endemic regions. Addressing these discrepancies is crucial for effective resource allocation and implementation of public health interventions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b8684217e9684800879b476b4c910624 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-b8684217e9684800879b476b4c9106242025-02-02T12:10:40ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-01-0125111310.1186/s12879-025-10516-2Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020–2021): a population-based surveyTayane Nobre0Andre Luiz Dutra Fenner1Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo2Wildo Navegantes de Araújo3Emmanuel Roux4Pascal Handschumacher5Helen Gurgel6Bruno Dallago7Mariana Hecht8Luciana Hagström9Walter Massa Ramalho10Nadjar Nitz11Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BrasíliaInternational Joint Laboratory Sentinela, (University of Brasília, UnB - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz - French national research institute for sustainable development, IRD)Secretariat of Surveillance in Health, Ministry of HealthCenter of Tropical Medicine, University of BrasíliaInternational Joint Laboratory Sentinela, (University of Brasília, UnB - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz - French national research institute for sustainable development, IRD)International Joint Laboratory Sentinela, (University of Brasília, UnB - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz - French national research institute for sustainable development, IRD)International Joint Laboratory Sentinela, (University of Brasília, UnB - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz - French national research institute for sustainable development, IRD)Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BrasíliaInterdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BrasíliaInterdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BrasíliaInternational Joint Laboratory Sentinela, (University of Brasília, UnB - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz - French national research institute for sustainable development, IRD)Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BrasíliaAbstract Background Urban arboviruses pose a significant global burden, particularly in tropical regions like Brazil. São Sebastião, a lower-middle-class urban area just 26 km from the Brazilian capital, is an endemic area for dengue. However, asymptomatic cases may obscure the actual extent of the disease. In this study, we measured the seroprevalence of dengue, Zika virus, and chikungunya, and compared these findings with surveillance data. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,535 households. ELISA serological tests were performed to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against dengue, Zika virus, and chikungunya. History of previous exposure to arboviruses, data on age, gender, and education level were collected through a questionnaire. Participants who tested positive for IgM and/or IgG were classified as soropositive. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, associations, mean comparisons, and correlations. Positive serological results were compared with cases captured by local epidemiological surveillance. Results The study included 1,405 individuals, divided into two groups related to pre-pandemic and pandemic COVID-19 phases. Among participants, 0.7% to 28.8% self-reported history of dengue, Zika, or chikungunya. However, the estimated overall seroprevalence was 64.3% (95% CI: 61.8–66.7) for dengue virus, 51.4% (95% CI: 48.8–53.9) for Zika virus, and 5.4% (95% CI: 4.4–6.7) for chikungunya virus. Multiple arboviruses were noted at 4.0% (95% CI: 3.1–5.1). Advancing age and lower education were associated with higher exposure to arboviruses (p < 0.05). The estimated number of urban arboviral infections was 84 times higher than reported cases. Conclusions The large gap between seroprevalence estimates and cases captured by epidemiological surveillance suggests a silent circulation of arboviruses, highlighting the need for comprehensive serological surveys in endemic regions. Addressing these discrepancies is crucial for effective resource allocation and implementation of public health interventions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10516-2Vector-borne diseasesSeroepidemiologic studiesArbovirusesEpidemiological surveillance |
| spellingShingle | Tayane Nobre Andre Luiz Dutra Fenner Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo Wildo Navegantes de Araújo Emmanuel Roux Pascal Handschumacher Helen Gurgel Bruno Dallago Mariana Hecht Luciana Hagström Walter Massa Ramalho Nadjar Nitz Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020–2021): a population-based survey BMC Infectious Diseases Vector-borne diseases Seroepidemiologic studies Arboviruses Epidemiological surveillance |
| title | Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020–2021): a population-based survey |
| title_full | Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020–2021): a population-based survey |
| title_fullStr | Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020–2021): a population-based survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020–2021): a population-based survey |
| title_short | Seroprevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in São Sebastião, Brazil (2020–2021): a population-based survey |
| title_sort | seroprevalence of dengue zika and chikungunya in sao sebastiao brazil 2020 2021 a population based survey |
| topic | Vector-borne diseases Seroepidemiologic studies Arboviruses Epidemiological surveillance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10516-2 |
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