Use of Binary Classification in Non-Invasive Load Monitoring

The increasing energy intensity of the economy has led us to look for ways to reduce this negative trend. One method is non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). This paper presents the use of artificial intelligence methods for the selection of information features and for the identification of operati...

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Main Authors: Jacek Bartman, Bogdan Kwiatkowski, Damian Mazur, Paweł Krutys, Boguslaw Twarog
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6807
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author Jacek Bartman
Bogdan Kwiatkowski
Damian Mazur
Paweł Krutys
Boguslaw Twarog
author_facet Jacek Bartman
Bogdan Kwiatkowski
Damian Mazur
Paweł Krutys
Boguslaw Twarog
author_sort Jacek Bartman
collection DOAJ
description The increasing energy intensity of the economy has led us to look for ways to reduce this negative trend. One method is non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). This paper presents the use of artificial intelligence methods for the selection of information features and for the identification of operating electrical devices. A set of potential identification features was obtained from high-frequency measurements covering 12 types of electrical consumers and consisted of 218 features. From these, an identification vector was selected via the mRMR (minimum redundancy maximum relevance) method, which searches for features that are maximally correlated with the class and are as little correlated with each other as possible. Identification was realized by building a hybrid classifier using binary classifiers built from artificial neural networks and decision trees. The Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 metrics were used to assess the quality of identification. The obtained values of the identification quality indicators confirm that it is possible to replace multiclass classification in NILM with binary classification without losing its quality. The use of binary classifiers allows for the identification of new devices without the need to change the classifier configuration.
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spelling doaj-art-b85a32f31e684756bcc8767b6a6dd4822025-08-20T03:26:15ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512680710.3390/app15126807Use of Binary Classification in Non-Invasive Load MonitoringJacek Bartman0Bogdan Kwiatkowski1Damian Mazur2Paweł Krutys3Boguslaw Twarog4Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Fundamentals of Computer Science, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Fundamentals of Computer Science, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Automation and Practical Electronics, State University of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw, 37-500 Jaroslaw, PolandInstitute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, PolandThe increasing energy intensity of the economy has led us to look for ways to reduce this negative trend. One method is non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). This paper presents the use of artificial intelligence methods for the selection of information features and for the identification of operating electrical devices. A set of potential identification features was obtained from high-frequency measurements covering 12 types of electrical consumers and consisted of 218 features. From these, an identification vector was selected via the mRMR (minimum redundancy maximum relevance) method, which searches for features that are maximally correlated with the class and are as little correlated with each other as possible. Identification was realized by building a hybrid classifier using binary classifiers built from artificial neural networks and decision trees. The Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 metrics were used to assess the quality of identification. The obtained values of the identification quality indicators confirm that it is possible to replace multiclass classification in NILM with binary classification without losing its quality. The use of binary classifiers allows for the identification of new devices without the need to change the classifier configuration.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6807feature selectionartificial intelligenceneural networksdecision trees
spellingShingle Jacek Bartman
Bogdan Kwiatkowski
Damian Mazur
Paweł Krutys
Boguslaw Twarog
Use of Binary Classification in Non-Invasive Load Monitoring
Applied Sciences
feature selection
artificial intelligence
neural networks
decision trees
title Use of Binary Classification in Non-Invasive Load Monitoring
title_full Use of Binary Classification in Non-Invasive Load Monitoring
title_fullStr Use of Binary Classification in Non-Invasive Load Monitoring
title_full_unstemmed Use of Binary Classification in Non-Invasive Load Monitoring
title_short Use of Binary Classification in Non-Invasive Load Monitoring
title_sort use of binary classification in non invasive load monitoring
topic feature selection
artificial intelligence
neural networks
decision trees
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6807
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AT pawełkrutys useofbinaryclassificationinnoninvasiveloadmonitoring
AT boguslawtwarog useofbinaryclassificationinnoninvasiveloadmonitoring