The “Conscience of the Self” and Its Infallibility From the Perspectives of Muslim Philosophers

One of the examples of the intuitive knowledge (Arabic: عِلْمُ الْحُضوری, lit.: knowledge by presence or presential knowledge) is “self-consciousness”. There are two important epistemological questions regarding this concept: First, do we have a consciousness of a reality called “self”? Second, is t...

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Main Authors: Maytham ʿAzīzīyān Muṣliḥ, Sayyid Murtaḍā Ḥusaynī Shāhroudī
Format: Article
Language:fas
Published: Razavi University of Islamic Sciences 2024-10-01
Series:آموزه‌‌های فلسفه اسلامي
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Online Access:https://ipd.razavi.ac.ir/article_1847_e0d4edbb994923ff02e37369ec59725b.pdf
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author Maytham ʿAzīzīyān Muṣliḥ
Sayyid Murtaḍā Ḥusaynī Shāhroudī
author_facet Maytham ʿAzīzīyān Muṣliḥ
Sayyid Murtaḍā Ḥusaynī Shāhroudī
author_sort Maytham ʿAzīzīyān Muṣliḥ
collection DOAJ
description One of the examples of the intuitive knowledge (Arabic: عِلْمُ الْحُضوری, lit.: knowledge by presence or presential knowledge) is “self-consciousness”. There are two important epistemological questions regarding this concept: First, do we have a consciousness of a reality called “self”? Second, is this consciousness infallible, accurately reflecting the reality of “self” as it is, or could “consciousness of self” be at odds with the “objective self”? There are two basic innovative points in response to these two issues that are considered in this article. First, Muslim philosophers recognize a hierarchy for the knowledge of the “self,” in which the most basic and fundamental aspect of consciousness regarding the “self” is the “perception of the self.” This approach plays an important role in countering the deniers of the “conscious self.” Second, from this perspective, the only way to discuss the most fundamental level of knowing the “self” (the understanding of the self) is to describe one’s consciousness with the aid of descriptive reason. Within the framework of these two points, it can be said that, first, there is a consciousness of the “perceiving self,” and second, the Muslim philosopher, as a deep foundational thinker, regards this consciousness as a “reality.” Due to the unity of consciousness and reality, he concludes that the “epistemic awareness of the self” cannot deviate from the “objective self.” Moreover, considering the “epistemic awareness of the self” and the “objective self” as one is not merely a matter of convention, but rather relies on the content of “consciousness of self” (the understanding of the self).
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publisher Razavi University of Islamic Sciences
record_format Article
series آموزه‌‌های فلسفه اسلامي
spelling doaj-art-b84937db9a604b42847b00c97a88d6c72025-08-20T03:56:14ZfasRazavi University of Islamic Sciencesآموزه‌‌های فلسفه اسلامي2251-93862783-40262024-10-01183221523610.30513/ipd.2024.5217.14431847The “Conscience of the Self” and Its Infallibility From the Perspectives of Muslim PhilosophersMaytham ʿAzīzīyān Muṣliḥ0Sayyid Murtaḍā Ḥusaynī Shāhroudī1Ph.D. in Transcendental Wisdom, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, IranProfessor, Department of Philosophy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranOne of the examples of the intuitive knowledge (Arabic: عِلْمُ الْحُضوری, lit.: knowledge by presence or presential knowledge) is “self-consciousness”. There are two important epistemological questions regarding this concept: First, do we have a consciousness of a reality called “self”? Second, is this consciousness infallible, accurately reflecting the reality of “self” as it is, or could “consciousness of self” be at odds with the “objective self”? There are two basic innovative points in response to these two issues that are considered in this article. First, Muslim philosophers recognize a hierarchy for the knowledge of the “self,” in which the most basic and fundamental aspect of consciousness regarding the “self” is the “perception of the self.” This approach plays an important role in countering the deniers of the “conscious self.” Second, from this perspective, the only way to discuss the most fundamental level of knowing the “self” (the understanding of the self) is to describe one’s consciousness with the aid of descriptive reason. Within the framework of these two points, it can be said that, first, there is a consciousness of the “perceiving self,” and second, the Muslim philosopher, as a deep foundational thinker, regards this consciousness as a “reality.” Due to the unity of consciousness and reality, he concludes that the “epistemic awareness of the self” cannot deviate from the “objective self.” Moreover, considering the “epistemic awareness of the self” and the “objective self” as one is not merely a matter of convention, but rather relies on the content of “consciousness of self” (the understanding of the self).https://ipd.razavi.ac.ir/article_1847_e0d4edbb994923ff02e37369ec59725b.pdfintuitive knowledge (arabic: عِلْمُ الْحُضوریlit.: knowledge by presence or presential knowledge)direct knowledgeepistemic knowledgeinfallibilityself-awarenessreferring to intuitive knowledge
spellingShingle Maytham ʿAzīzīyān Muṣliḥ
Sayyid Murtaḍā Ḥusaynī Shāhroudī
The “Conscience of the Self” and Its Infallibility From the Perspectives of Muslim Philosophers
آموزه‌‌های فلسفه اسلامي
intuitive knowledge (arabic: عِلْمُ الْحُضوری
lit.: knowledge by presence or presential knowledge)
direct knowledge
epistemic knowledge
infallibility
self-awareness
referring to intuitive knowledge
title The “Conscience of the Self” and Its Infallibility From the Perspectives of Muslim Philosophers
title_full The “Conscience of the Self” and Its Infallibility From the Perspectives of Muslim Philosophers
title_fullStr The “Conscience of the Self” and Its Infallibility From the Perspectives of Muslim Philosophers
title_full_unstemmed The “Conscience of the Self” and Its Infallibility From the Perspectives of Muslim Philosophers
title_short The “Conscience of the Self” and Its Infallibility From the Perspectives of Muslim Philosophers
title_sort conscience of the self and its infallibility from the perspectives of muslim philosophers
topic intuitive knowledge (arabic: عِلْمُ الْحُضوری
lit.: knowledge by presence or presential knowledge)
direct knowledge
epistemic knowledge
infallibility
self-awareness
referring to intuitive knowledge
url https://ipd.razavi.ac.ir/article_1847_e0d4edbb994923ff02e37369ec59725b.pdf
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