The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells
The use of alternative diesel fuels has increased due to the demand for renewable energy sources. There is limited knowledge regarding the potential health effects caused by exhaust emissions from biodiesel- and renewable diesel-fueled engines. This study investigates the toxic effects of particulat...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Xenobiotics |
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| author | Oskari J. Uski Gregory Rankin Håkan Wingfors Roger Magnusson Christoffer Boman Robert Lindgren Ala Muala Anders Blomberg Jenny A. Bosson Thomas Sandström |
| author_facet | Oskari J. Uski Gregory Rankin Håkan Wingfors Roger Magnusson Christoffer Boman Robert Lindgren Ala Muala Anders Blomberg Jenny A. Bosson Thomas Sandström |
| author_sort | Oskari J. Uski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of alternative diesel fuels has increased due to the demand for renewable energy sources. There is limited knowledge regarding the potential health effects caused by exhaust emissions from biodiesel- and renewable diesel-fueled engines. This study investigates the toxic effects of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel engine powered by conventional petroleum diesel fuel (SD10) and two biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels in vitro. The fuels used were rapeseed methyl ester (RME), soy methyl ester (SME), and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO), either pure or as 50% blends with SD10. Additionally, a 5% RME blend was also used. The highest concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions and elemental carbon (EC) was found in conventional diesel and the 5% RME blend. HVO PM samples also exhibited a high amount of EC. A dose-dependent genotoxic response was detected with PM from SD10, pure SME, and RME as well as their blends. Reactive oxygen species levels were several times higher in cells exposed to PM from SD10, pure HVO, and especially the 5% RME blend. Apoptotic cell death was observed in cells exposed to PM from SD10, 5% RME blend, the 50% SME blend, and HVO samples. In conclusion, all diesel PM samples, including biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels, exhibited toxicity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b8470194dfa943bcaba1cb9e81faad34 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2039-4705 2039-4713 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Xenobiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-b8470194dfa943bcaba1cb9e81faad342025-08-20T02:00:38ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132024-10-011441432144910.3390/jox14040080The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial CellsOskari J. Uski0Gregory Rankin1Håkan Wingfors2Roger Magnusson3Christoffer Boman4Robert Lindgren5Ala Muala6Anders Blomberg7Jenny A. Bosson8Thomas Sandström9Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenCBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, 90182 Umeå, SwedenCBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, 90182 Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Applied Physics and Electronics, Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Applied Physics and Electronics, Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, SwedenThe use of alternative diesel fuels has increased due to the demand for renewable energy sources. There is limited knowledge regarding the potential health effects caused by exhaust emissions from biodiesel- and renewable diesel-fueled engines. This study investigates the toxic effects of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel engine powered by conventional petroleum diesel fuel (SD10) and two biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels in vitro. The fuels used were rapeseed methyl ester (RME), soy methyl ester (SME), and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO), either pure or as 50% blends with SD10. Additionally, a 5% RME blend was also used. The highest concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions and elemental carbon (EC) was found in conventional diesel and the 5% RME blend. HVO PM samples also exhibited a high amount of EC. A dose-dependent genotoxic response was detected with PM from SD10, pure SME, and RME as well as their blends. Reactive oxygen species levels were several times higher in cells exposed to PM from SD10, pure HVO, and especially the 5% RME blend. Apoptotic cell death was observed in cells exposed to PM from SD10, 5% RME blend, the 50% SME blend, and HVO samples. In conclusion, all diesel PM samples, including biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels, exhibited toxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/4/80biodieselrenewable dieselpetrodieselrapeseed methyl estersoy methyl esterhydrotreated vegetable oil |
| spellingShingle | Oskari J. Uski Gregory Rankin Håkan Wingfors Roger Magnusson Christoffer Boman Robert Lindgren Ala Muala Anders Blomberg Jenny A. Bosson Thomas Sandström The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells Journal of Xenobiotics biodiesel renewable diesel petrodiesel rapeseed methyl ester soy methyl ester hydrotreated vegetable oil |
| title | The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | toxic effects of petroleum diesel biodiesel and renewable diesel exhaust particles on human alveolar epithelial cells |
| topic | biodiesel renewable diesel petrodiesel rapeseed methyl ester soy methyl ester hydrotreated vegetable oil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/4/80 |
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