Inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli: evidence from human conditioning
Latent inhibition refers to the retardation in learning an association between a target stimulus and an outcome when the target stimulus has been pre-exposed in the absence of consequences. The inhibitory properties of latent inhibitors have been the subject of controversy, as standard latent inhibi...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1508789/full |
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| author | Unai Liberal Gabriel Rodríguez Paula Nogueiras James Byron Nelson Geoffrey Hall Geoffrey Hall |
| author_facet | Unai Liberal Gabriel Rodríguez Paula Nogueiras James Byron Nelson Geoffrey Hall Geoffrey Hall |
| author_sort | Unai Liberal |
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| description | Latent inhibition refers to the retardation in learning an association between a target stimulus and an outcome when the target stimulus has been pre-exposed in the absence of consequences. The inhibitory properties of latent inhibitors have been the subject of controversy, as standard latent inhibition training—consisting of pre-exposure to the target stimulus alone—does not provide the latent inhibitor with the ability to pass a summation test, a key criterion for demonstrating genuine inhibition. However, previous research with animals has shown that a specific pre-exposure procedure, in which the target stimulus (A) is presented in compound with successive novel stimuli (An1, An2, An3…), can endow the target with sufficient inhibitory properties to pass both retardation and summation tests. To examine whether this phenomenon generalizes to humans, we conducted two experiments using a video game-based conditioning paradigm. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this compound pre-exposure schedule enhanced the retardation effect compared to standard pre-exposure or control conditions. Experiment 2 revealed that the target stimulus pre-exposed with novel stimuli significantly reduced responding when tested in compound with an excitatory conditioned stimulus, thus passing the summation test. These results suggest that compound pre-exposure facilitates the acquisition of inhibitory properties in humans, consistent with findings from animal studies. The findings are discussed within the framework of Hall-Rodríguez model, emphasizing the role of expectancy violation during pre-exposure in strengthening inhibitory associations. Implications for clinical applications, particularly in enhancing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, are also considered. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b837771604544de294894384c2a934a7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b837771604544de294894384c2a934a72025-02-05T07:32:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-02-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15087891508789Inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli: evidence from human conditioningUnai Liberal0Gabriel Rodríguez1Paula Nogueiras2James Byron Nelson3Geoffrey Hall4Geoffrey Hall5Departamento de Procesos Psicológicos Básicos y su Desarrollo, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainDepartamento de Procesos Psicológicos Básicos y su Desarrollo, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainDepartamento de Procesos Psicológicos Básicos y su Desarrollo, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainDepartamento de Procesos Psicológicos Básicos y su Desarrollo, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainDepartment of Psychology, University of York, York, United KingdomDepartment of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, AustraliaLatent inhibition refers to the retardation in learning an association between a target stimulus and an outcome when the target stimulus has been pre-exposed in the absence of consequences. The inhibitory properties of latent inhibitors have been the subject of controversy, as standard latent inhibition training—consisting of pre-exposure to the target stimulus alone—does not provide the latent inhibitor with the ability to pass a summation test, a key criterion for demonstrating genuine inhibition. However, previous research with animals has shown that a specific pre-exposure procedure, in which the target stimulus (A) is presented in compound with successive novel stimuli (An1, An2, An3…), can endow the target with sufficient inhibitory properties to pass both retardation and summation tests. To examine whether this phenomenon generalizes to humans, we conducted two experiments using a video game-based conditioning paradigm. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this compound pre-exposure schedule enhanced the retardation effect compared to standard pre-exposure or control conditions. Experiment 2 revealed that the target stimulus pre-exposed with novel stimuli significantly reduced responding when tested in compound with an excitatory conditioned stimulus, thus passing the summation test. These results suggest that compound pre-exposure facilitates the acquisition of inhibitory properties in humans, consistent with findings from animal studies. The findings are discussed within the framework of Hall-Rodríguez model, emphasizing the role of expectancy violation during pre-exposure in strengthening inhibitory associations. Implications for clinical applications, particularly in enhancing exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, are also considered.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1508789/fulllatent inhibitioninhibitory learningnonreinforced preexposureexposure therapycomparative psychology |
| spellingShingle | Unai Liberal Gabriel Rodríguez Paula Nogueiras James Byron Nelson Geoffrey Hall Geoffrey Hall Inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli: evidence from human conditioning Frontiers in Psychology latent inhibition inhibitory learning nonreinforced preexposure exposure therapy comparative psychology |
| title | Inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli: evidence from human conditioning |
| title_full | Inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli: evidence from human conditioning |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli: evidence from human conditioning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli: evidence from human conditioning |
| title_short | Inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli: evidence from human conditioning |
| title_sort | inhibitory properties of a latent inhibitor after its compound preexposure with several novel stimuli evidence from human conditioning |
| topic | latent inhibition inhibitory learning nonreinforced preexposure exposure therapy comparative psychology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1508789/full |
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