Exploring the CO<sub>2</sub> fugacity along the east coast of South America aboard the schooner <i>Tara</i>
<p>The air–sea CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> flux in the coastal ocean is a critical component of the global carbon budget, yet it remains poorly understood due to limited data, the many sources and sinks of carbon, and their complex inter...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Earth System Science Data |
| Online Access: | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/3583/2025/essd-17-3583-2025.pdf |
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| author | L. Olivier L. Olivier L. Olivier J. Boutin G. Reverdin C. Hunt T. Linkowski A. Chase A. Chase N. Haentjens P. C. Junger P. C. Junger P. C. Junger S. Pesant D. Vandemark |
| author_facet | L. Olivier L. Olivier L. Olivier J. Boutin G. Reverdin C. Hunt T. Linkowski A. Chase A. Chase N. Haentjens P. C. Junger P. C. Junger P. C. Junger S. Pesant D. Vandemark |
| author_sort | L. Olivier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The air–sea CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> flux in the coastal ocean is a critical component of the global carbon budget, yet it remains poorly understood due to limited data, the many sources and sinks of carbon, and their complex interactions. In August–November 2021, the <i>Tara</i> schooner collected over 14 000 km of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> fugacity (<span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) measurements along the coast of South America, including in the Amazon River–ocean continuum (<span class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13790064</span>, Olivier et al., 2024a). The Amazon River and its oceanic plume exhibit complex interactions under the combined influence of many processes such as tides and bathymetry. Observations revealed a wide range of <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> values, from up to 3000 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm in the river to a minimum of 42 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm downstream of the plume, where values were notably lower than atmospheric levels. South of the estuary, the <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> of the North Brazil Current waters (0–9° S) exceeds 400 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm, while along the Brazil Current (10–30° S), <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> is around 400 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm and decreases with temperature and distance from the Equator. Due to its high variability in the coastal environment, in the dataset salinity emerged as the primary driver of <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> variability across this dynamic region. Despite strong variability, comparison with discrete samples of other carbonate parameters showed a mean difference of 2 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm, within the range of uncertainties of the chemical formulas used for comparison. This dataset provides critical insights into the under-sampled region of the Brazilian coast, improving our understanding of coastal <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> dynamics and their role in the global carbon budget.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b82e7eaa38d94cfeb85fc581e6e2335f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1866-3508 1866-3516 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Earth System Science Data |
| spelling | doaj-art-b82e7eaa38d94cfeb85fc581e6e2335f2025-08-20T03:34:31ZengCopernicus PublicationsEarth System Science Data1866-35081866-35162025-07-01173583359810.5194/essd-17-3583-2025Exploring the CO<sub>2</sub> fugacity along the east coast of South America aboard the schooner <i>Tara</i>L. Olivier0L. Olivier1L. Olivier2J. Boutin3G. Reverdin4C. Hunt5T. Linkowski6A. Chase7A. Chase8N. Haentjens9P. C. Junger10P. C. Junger11P. C. Junger12S. Pesant13D. Vandemark14Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, GermanyDepartment of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GermanyLOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, FranceLOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, FranceLOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, FranceOPAL, EOS, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USATara Ocean Foundation, Paris, FranceApplied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USASchool of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USASchool of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USADepartment of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazilpresent address: Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris 75005, FranceEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United KingdomOPAL, EOS, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA<p>The air–sea CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> flux in the coastal ocean is a critical component of the global carbon budget, yet it remains poorly understood due to limited data, the many sources and sinks of carbon, and their complex interactions. In August–November 2021, the <i>Tara</i> schooner collected over 14 000 km of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> fugacity (<span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) measurements along the coast of South America, including in the Amazon River–ocean continuum (<span class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13790064</span>, Olivier et al., 2024a). The Amazon River and its oceanic plume exhibit complex interactions under the combined influence of many processes such as tides and bathymetry. Observations revealed a wide range of <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> values, from up to 3000 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm in the river to a minimum of 42 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm downstream of the plume, where values were notably lower than atmospheric levels. South of the estuary, the <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> of the North Brazil Current waters (0–9° S) exceeds 400 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm, while along the Brazil Current (10–30° S), <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> is around 400 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm and decreases with temperature and distance from the Equator. Due to its high variability in the coastal environment, in the dataset salinity emerged as the primary driver of <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> variability across this dynamic region. Despite strong variability, comparison with discrete samples of other carbonate parameters showed a mean difference of 2 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>atm, within the range of uncertainties of the chemical formulas used for comparison. This dataset provides critical insights into the under-sampled region of the Brazilian coast, improving our understanding of coastal <span class="inline-formula"><i>f</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> dynamics and their role in the global carbon budget.</p>https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/3583/2025/essd-17-3583-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | L. Olivier L. Olivier L. Olivier J. Boutin G. Reverdin C. Hunt T. Linkowski A. Chase A. Chase N. Haentjens P. C. Junger P. C. Junger P. C. Junger S. Pesant D. Vandemark Exploring the CO<sub>2</sub> fugacity along the east coast of South America aboard the schooner <i>Tara</i> Earth System Science Data |
| title | Exploring the CO<sub>2</sub> fugacity along the east coast of South America aboard the schooner <i>Tara</i> |
| title_full | Exploring the CO<sub>2</sub> fugacity along the east coast of South America aboard the schooner <i>Tara</i> |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the CO<sub>2</sub> fugacity along the east coast of South America aboard the schooner <i>Tara</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the CO<sub>2</sub> fugacity along the east coast of South America aboard the schooner <i>Tara</i> |
| title_short | Exploring the CO<sub>2</sub> fugacity along the east coast of South America aboard the schooner <i>Tara</i> |
| title_sort | exploring the co sub 2 sub fugacity along the east coast of south america aboard the schooner i tara i |
| url | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/3583/2025/essd-17-3583-2025.pdf |
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