Effects of Different Treatments on Storage Stability and Flavor Characteristics of Wheat Germ

In order to study the effects of different treatments on the storage stability and flavor characteristics of wheat germ, wheat germ after hot air treatment and radio frequency treatment was vacuum packed and stored at a temperature of 40 ℃ and a humidity of 65%. The changes of color difference, lipa...

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Main Authors: Zihan SHAO, Xun GONG, Yu SONG, Shu TAO, Ying HONG, Chao LIU, Jiaqi ZHU, Mingchun WANG, Lei CAO, Jinxia YE, Kaixuan MA
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: The editorial department of Science and Technology of Food Industry 2025-04-01
Series:Shipin gongye ke-ji
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Online Access:http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024050219
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author Zihan SHAO
Xun GONG
Yu SONG
Shu TAO
Ying HONG
Chao LIU
Jiaqi ZHU
Mingchun WANG
Lei CAO
Jinxia YE
Kaixuan MA
author_facet Zihan SHAO
Xun GONG
Yu SONG
Shu TAO
Ying HONG
Chao LIU
Jiaqi ZHU
Mingchun WANG
Lei CAO
Jinxia YE
Kaixuan MA
author_sort Zihan SHAO
collection DOAJ
description In order to study the effects of different treatments on the storage stability and flavor characteristics of wheat germ, wheat germ after hot air treatment and radio frequency treatment was vacuum packed and stored at a temperature of 40 ℃ and a humidity of 65%. The changes of color difference, lipase activity, fatty acid value, peroxidation value and α-vitamin E in wheat germ during storage were monitored. Electronic nose and solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine the volatile substances in wheat germ, and principal component and orthogonal partial least square identification were performed. The results showed that both hot air drying and radio frequency heating could effectively passivate the lipase activity in wheat germ. The radio frequency treatment group had the best deactivation rates, which was up to 79.10%, and it was also 12.38% higher than hot air drying. Both hot air drying and radio frequency heating decreased the increase of fatty acid values (measured by sodium hydroxide) during the storage of wheat germ. After 28 d of storage, the fatty acid values in untreated, the hot air and the radio frequency treatment groups were increased by 889.81 mg/100 g (P<0.05), 37.30 mg/100 g (P>0.05) and 35.58 mg/100 g (P>0.05), respectively. The α-vitamin E content of wheat germ was decreased by 11.50% (P<0.05) and 1.67% (P>0.05) after hot air and radio frequency treatments, respectively. After 28 d of storage, the α-vitamin E content in the hot air and radio frequency treatment groups were reduced by 3.85% (P<0.05) and 4.09% (P<0.05), respectively. Electronic nose and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data showed that there were significant differences of the volatile substances in wheat germ after different treatments. In summary, the untreated wheat germ had a higher concentration of n-hexanol volatile substances and showed a grassy flavor. On the other hand, the content of pyrazine volatile substances were in the hot air treatment group was higher showing more baking and cocoa flavor. Radio frequency treatment significantly reduced the grassy flavor and increased the flavor with fruity and sweet. In general, radio frequency treatment could improve the storage stability of wheat germ and reduce the loss of α-vitamin E. The results could provide a theoretical reference for improving storage stability of fatty raw materials of wheat germ and reducing the loss of nutrient substances.
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spelling doaj-art-b82937a2440a4e53affa633354d5068d2025-08-20T03:06:20ZzhoThe editorial department of Science and Technology of Food IndustryShipin gongye ke-ji1002-03062025-04-0146823123910.13386/j.issn1002-0306.20240502192024050219-8Effects of Different Treatments on Storage Stability and Flavor Characteristics of Wheat GermZihan SHAO0Xun GONG1Yu SONG2Shu TAO3Ying HONG4Chao LIU5Jiaqi ZHU6Mingchun WANG7Lei CAO8Jinxia YE9Kaixuan MA10Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaCollege of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, ChinaInstitute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaAnhui Yanfei Grain and Oil Co., Ltd., Bengbu 233427, ChinaAnhui Yanfei Grain and Oil Co., Ltd., Bengbu 233427, ChinaIn order to study the effects of different treatments on the storage stability and flavor characteristics of wheat germ, wheat germ after hot air treatment and radio frequency treatment was vacuum packed and stored at a temperature of 40 ℃ and a humidity of 65%. The changes of color difference, lipase activity, fatty acid value, peroxidation value and α-vitamin E in wheat germ during storage were monitored. Electronic nose and solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine the volatile substances in wheat germ, and principal component and orthogonal partial least square identification were performed. The results showed that both hot air drying and radio frequency heating could effectively passivate the lipase activity in wheat germ. The radio frequency treatment group had the best deactivation rates, which was up to 79.10%, and it was also 12.38% higher than hot air drying. Both hot air drying and radio frequency heating decreased the increase of fatty acid values (measured by sodium hydroxide) during the storage of wheat germ. After 28 d of storage, the fatty acid values in untreated, the hot air and the radio frequency treatment groups were increased by 889.81 mg/100 g (P<0.05), 37.30 mg/100 g (P>0.05) and 35.58 mg/100 g (P>0.05), respectively. The α-vitamin E content of wheat germ was decreased by 11.50% (P<0.05) and 1.67% (P>0.05) after hot air and radio frequency treatments, respectively. After 28 d of storage, the α-vitamin E content in the hot air and radio frequency treatment groups were reduced by 3.85% (P<0.05) and 4.09% (P<0.05), respectively. Electronic nose and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data showed that there were significant differences of the volatile substances in wheat germ after different treatments. In summary, the untreated wheat germ had a higher concentration of n-hexanol volatile substances and showed a grassy flavor. On the other hand, the content of pyrazine volatile substances were in the hot air treatment group was higher showing more baking and cocoa flavor. Radio frequency treatment significantly reduced the grassy flavor and increased the flavor with fruity and sweet. In general, radio frequency treatment could improve the storage stability of wheat germ and reduce the loss of α-vitamin E. The results could provide a theoretical reference for improving storage stability of fatty raw materials of wheat germ and reducing the loss of nutrient substances.http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024050219wheat germradio frequencyfat oxidationα-vitamin eflavour
spellingShingle Zihan SHAO
Xun GONG
Yu SONG
Shu TAO
Ying HONG
Chao LIU
Jiaqi ZHU
Mingchun WANG
Lei CAO
Jinxia YE
Kaixuan MA
Effects of Different Treatments on Storage Stability and Flavor Characteristics of Wheat Germ
Shipin gongye ke-ji
wheat germ
radio frequency
fat oxidation
α-vitamin e
flavour
title Effects of Different Treatments on Storage Stability and Flavor Characteristics of Wheat Germ
title_full Effects of Different Treatments on Storage Stability and Flavor Characteristics of Wheat Germ
title_fullStr Effects of Different Treatments on Storage Stability and Flavor Characteristics of Wheat Germ
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Different Treatments on Storage Stability and Flavor Characteristics of Wheat Germ
title_short Effects of Different Treatments on Storage Stability and Flavor Characteristics of Wheat Germ
title_sort effects of different treatments on storage stability and flavor characteristics of wheat germ
topic wheat germ
radio frequency
fat oxidation
α-vitamin e
flavour
url http://www.spgykj.com/cn/article/doi/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024050219
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