Grey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched-tempered 42CrMo4 steel
This work investigated the effect of different types of tempering on the hardness, impact toughness and microstructure of normalized and biodegradable-quenched 42CrMo4 steel. Specimens were normalised initially then hardened using green oil quenchants such as Pinnay oil, Karanja seed oil and blended...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Materials Research Express |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/adacab |
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| author | Bhagya Laxmi Jayashree P K Sathish Rao U Ananda Hegde Sathyashankara Sharma |
| author_facet | Bhagya Laxmi Jayashree P K Sathish Rao U Ananda Hegde Sathyashankara Sharma |
| author_sort | Bhagya Laxmi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work investigated the effect of different types of tempering on the hardness, impact toughness and microstructure of normalized and biodegradable-quenched 42CrMo4 steel. Specimens were normalised initially then hardened using green oil quenchants such as Pinnay oil, Karanja seed oil and blended oil (Equal volume percentage of Pinnay and Karanja seed oil) then subjected to single stage tempering process. Surface response methodology was used to obtain optimised conditions from single stage tempering process to carry out other types of the tempering processes such as multiple and step tempering processes. Grey relational analysis was used to select the tempering process that yield best balanced property condition. The two steps tempering process with hardness of 36 HRC, impact toughness of 56 Joules and with grey relational grade of 0.7 was considered as the process to get optimal mix of hardness and impact toughness in 42CrMo4 steel. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b8240c64bbde418bb9b995eb24010377 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2053-1591 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials Research Express |
| spelling | doaj-art-b8240c64bbde418bb9b995eb240103772025-02-03T16:12:35ZengIOP PublishingMaterials Research Express2053-15912025-01-0112202650110.1088/2053-1591/adacabGrey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched-tempered 42CrMo4 steelBhagya Laxmi0Jayashree P K1Sathish Rao U2Ananda Hegde3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-8665Sathyashankara Sharma4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-1563Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology , Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology , Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology , Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology , Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology , Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, IndiaThis work investigated the effect of different types of tempering on the hardness, impact toughness and microstructure of normalized and biodegradable-quenched 42CrMo4 steel. Specimens were normalised initially then hardened using green oil quenchants such as Pinnay oil, Karanja seed oil and blended oil (Equal volume percentage of Pinnay and Karanja seed oil) then subjected to single stage tempering process. Surface response methodology was used to obtain optimised conditions from single stage tempering process to carry out other types of the tempering processes such as multiple and step tempering processes. Grey relational analysis was used to select the tempering process that yield best balanced property condition. The two steps tempering process with hardness of 36 HRC, impact toughness of 56 Joules and with grey relational grade of 0.7 was considered as the process to get optimal mix of hardness and impact toughness in 42CrMo4 steel.https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/adacab42CrMo4 steelgrey relational analysisbiodegradable quenchantpinnay oilkaranja seed oilmicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Bhagya Laxmi Jayashree P K Sathish Rao U Ananda Hegde Sathyashankara Sharma Grey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched-tempered 42CrMo4 steel Materials Research Express 42CrMo4 steel grey relational analysis biodegradable quenchant pinnay oil karanja seed oil microstructure |
| title | Grey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched-tempered 42CrMo4 steel |
| title_full | Grey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched-tempered 42CrMo4 steel |
| title_fullStr | Grey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched-tempered 42CrMo4 steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched-tempered 42CrMo4 steel |
| title_short | Grey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched-tempered 42CrMo4 steel |
| title_sort | grey relational analysis to identify the ideal combination of impact toughness and hardness for biodegradable quenched tempered 42crmo4 steel |
| topic | 42CrMo4 steel grey relational analysis biodegradable quenchant pinnay oil karanja seed oil microstructure |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/adacab |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bhagyalaxmi greyrelationalanalysistoidentifytheidealcombinationofimpacttoughnessandhardnessforbiodegradablequenchedtempered42crmo4steel AT jayashreepk greyrelationalanalysistoidentifytheidealcombinationofimpacttoughnessandhardnessforbiodegradablequenchedtempered42crmo4steel AT sathishraou greyrelationalanalysistoidentifytheidealcombinationofimpacttoughnessandhardnessforbiodegradablequenchedtempered42crmo4steel AT anandahegde greyrelationalanalysistoidentifytheidealcombinationofimpacttoughnessandhardnessforbiodegradablequenchedtempered42crmo4steel AT sathyashankarasharma greyrelationalanalysistoidentifytheidealcombinationofimpacttoughnessandhardnessforbiodegradablequenchedtempered42crmo4steel |