ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL CURRICULA: A CRITICAL POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE 2013 AND MERDEKA FRAMEWORKS

Character education has been a national agenda in Indonesia since the early 2010s. It was formally integrated into the 2013 Curriculum and further strengthened through the Merdeka Curriculum, which was launched in 2022. This study aims to examine how character education is conceptualized and implem...

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Main Author: Alhamuddin Alhamuddin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Program Pendidikan Agama Islam Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Antasari Banjarmasin 2025-08-01
Series:Tarbiyah Islamiyah
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Online Access:https://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php/tiftk/article/view/16437
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author Alhamuddin Alhamuddin
author_facet Alhamuddin Alhamuddin
author_sort Alhamuddin Alhamuddin
collection DOAJ
description Character education has been a national agenda in Indonesia since the early 2010s. It was formally integrated into the 2013 Curriculum and further strengthened through the Merdeka Curriculum, which was launched in 2022. This study aims to examine how character education is conceptualized and implemented within these two curricula, particularly through the lens of Islamic religious education. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study analyzes key policy documents issued by the Ministry of Education, including competency standards, learning outcomes, and the Pancasila Student Profile. The analysis reveals that both curricula explicitly emphasize core values such as faith, discipline, nationalism, integrity, and critical thinking as integral components of students' character formation. These values are embedded within the formulation of core competencies and learning indicators across various subjects. However, pedagogical implementation guidelines remain limited and normative, often relying on broad and vague terms like “value internalization,” without being supported by concrete and contextual teaching strategies. Furthermore, both curricula tend to adopt a top-down and moralistic tone, providing limited space for dialogic, reflective, or participatory approaches. In addition, teachers are burdened with numerous administrative tasks, which reduces their time and focus on developing students’ character in an optimal way. The study concludes that in order to achieve effective character education within Indonesia’s diverse context, clearer, more inclusive pedagogical strategies rooted in critical student engagement are needed. The findings also imply the necessity for teacher training and curriculum development that are more responsive to social realities and students' needs.
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spelling doaj-art-b814fae23fc9473ca5e89357bbf39ce22025-08-20T02:56:47ZengProgram Pendidikan Agama Islam Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Antasari BanjarmasinTarbiyah Islamiyah2829-59192025-08-01151ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL CURRICULA: A CRITICAL POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE 2013 AND MERDEKA FRAMEWORKSAlhamuddin Alhamuddin0Universitas Islam Bandung Character education has been a national agenda in Indonesia since the early 2010s. It was formally integrated into the 2013 Curriculum and further strengthened through the Merdeka Curriculum, which was launched in 2022. This study aims to examine how character education is conceptualized and implemented within these two curricula, particularly through the lens of Islamic religious education. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study analyzes key policy documents issued by the Ministry of Education, including competency standards, learning outcomes, and the Pancasila Student Profile. The analysis reveals that both curricula explicitly emphasize core values such as faith, discipline, nationalism, integrity, and critical thinking as integral components of students' character formation. These values are embedded within the formulation of core competencies and learning indicators across various subjects. However, pedagogical implementation guidelines remain limited and normative, often relying on broad and vague terms like “value internalization,” without being supported by concrete and contextual teaching strategies. Furthermore, both curricula tend to adopt a top-down and moralistic tone, providing limited space for dialogic, reflective, or participatory approaches. In addition, teachers are burdened with numerous administrative tasks, which reduces their time and focus on developing students’ character in an optimal way. The study concludes that in order to achieve effective character education within Indonesia’s diverse context, clearer, more inclusive pedagogical strategies rooted in critical student engagement are needed. The findings also imply the necessity for teacher training and curriculum development that are more responsive to social realities and students' needs. https://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php/tiftk/article/view/16437character education, curriculum policy, moral values, Islamic educationCharacter Education, Curriculum Policy, Moral Values, Islamic Education
spellingShingle Alhamuddin Alhamuddin
ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL CURRICULA: A CRITICAL POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE 2013 AND MERDEKA FRAMEWORKS
Tarbiyah Islamiyah
character education, curriculum policy, moral values, Islamic education
Character Education, Curriculum Policy, Moral Values, Islamic Education
title ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL CURRICULA: A CRITICAL POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE 2013 AND MERDEKA FRAMEWORKS
title_full ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL CURRICULA: A CRITICAL POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE 2013 AND MERDEKA FRAMEWORKS
title_fullStr ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL CURRICULA: A CRITICAL POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE 2013 AND MERDEKA FRAMEWORKS
title_full_unstemmed ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL CURRICULA: A CRITICAL POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE 2013 AND MERDEKA FRAMEWORKS
title_short ISLAMIC CHARACTER EDUCATION IN INDONESIAN NATIONAL CURRICULA: A CRITICAL POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE 2013 AND MERDEKA FRAMEWORKS
title_sort islamic character education in indonesian national curricula a critical policy analysis of the 2013 and merdeka frameworks
topic character education, curriculum policy, moral values, Islamic education
Character Education, Curriculum Policy, Moral Values, Islamic Education
url https://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php/tiftk/article/view/16437
work_keys_str_mv AT alhamuddinalhamuddin islamiccharactereducationinindonesiannationalcurriculaacriticalpolicyanalysisofthe2013andmerdekaframeworks