TLS in Sustainable Mining Engineering: 3D Convergence and Surface Changes in Chamber Excavation in CH Salt Mine “Wieliczka”
When volumes of mining excavations change, rock mass is displaced. Convergence in a salt mine may lead to substantial deformations. The displacement may, in turn, cause an inrush of water from the rock mass into the mine, which is a catastrophic event. Hence, salt excavation convergence is regularly...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Mining |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6489/5/1/15 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850091486262067200 |
|---|---|
| author | Pelagia Gawronek Andrzej Kwinta Kamil Sajdak Piotr Koczwara |
| author_facet | Pelagia Gawronek Andrzej Kwinta Kamil Sajdak Piotr Koczwara |
| author_sort | Pelagia Gawronek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | When volumes of mining excavations change, rock mass is displaced. Convergence in a salt mine may lead to substantial deformations. The displacement may, in turn, cause an inrush of water from the rock mass into the mine, which is a catastrophic event. Hence, salt excavation convergence is regularly monitored. Traditionally, convergence is measured at monitoring stations. The measurements were first performed with rigid instruments (such as a wire extensometer), then with manual laser rangefinders, and now attempts are made to employ terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). This article presents the evolution of TLS surveys in the mine. The method is demonstrated with multiple scans of a heritage chamber at the Wieliczka salt mine. The analyses indicate that TLS streamlines measurements and offers copious results. The main aim of this study was to identify the most effective and reliable determination of geometric changes in the excavation using TLS data from several years. The differences represented by the models adjusted to a common coordinate system with an error of 5 mm can be considered correct and reflecting the actual changes in the excavation. This gives significant opportunities for the use of TLS data in monitoring the behavior of mine workings in the future. However, considering the insufficient accuracy, the technology must not be the sole source of insight into mining excavation convergence. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b7fe1bb1228848d1a8b5cf7bf617193f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2673-6489 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mining |
| spelling | doaj-art-b7fe1bb1228848d1a8b5cf7bf617193f2025-08-20T02:42:22ZengMDPI AGMining2673-64892025-02-01511510.3390/mining5010015TLS in Sustainable Mining Engineering: 3D Convergence and Surface Changes in Chamber Excavation in CH Salt Mine “Wieliczka”Pelagia Gawronek0Andrzej Kwinta1Kamil Sajdak2Piotr Koczwara3Department of Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 21 Mickiewicza Ave., 31-120 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 21 Mickiewicza Ave., 31-120 Krakow, PolandThe “Wieliczka” Salt Mine, 10 Daniłowicza Street, 32-020 Wieliczka, PolandThe “Wieliczka” Salt Mine, 10 Daniłowicza Street, 32-020 Wieliczka, PolandWhen volumes of mining excavations change, rock mass is displaced. Convergence in a salt mine may lead to substantial deformations. The displacement may, in turn, cause an inrush of water from the rock mass into the mine, which is a catastrophic event. Hence, salt excavation convergence is regularly monitored. Traditionally, convergence is measured at monitoring stations. The measurements were first performed with rigid instruments (such as a wire extensometer), then with manual laser rangefinders, and now attempts are made to employ terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). This article presents the evolution of TLS surveys in the mine. The method is demonstrated with multiple scans of a heritage chamber at the Wieliczka salt mine. The analyses indicate that TLS streamlines measurements and offers copious results. The main aim of this study was to identify the most effective and reliable determination of geometric changes in the excavation using TLS data from several years. The differences represented by the models adjusted to a common coordinate system with an error of 5 mm can be considered correct and reflecting the actual changes in the excavation. This gives significant opportunities for the use of TLS data in monitoring the behavior of mine workings in the future. However, considering the insufficient accuracy, the technology must not be the sole source of insight into mining excavation convergence.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6489/5/1/15mining excavation convergenceTLS in excavation measurementspoint cloud comparisonconvergence analysisWieliczka Salt Mine |
| spellingShingle | Pelagia Gawronek Andrzej Kwinta Kamil Sajdak Piotr Koczwara TLS in Sustainable Mining Engineering: 3D Convergence and Surface Changes in Chamber Excavation in CH Salt Mine “Wieliczka” Mining mining excavation convergence TLS in excavation measurements point cloud comparison convergence analysis Wieliczka Salt Mine |
| title | TLS in Sustainable Mining Engineering: 3D Convergence and Surface Changes in Chamber Excavation in CH Salt Mine “Wieliczka” |
| title_full | TLS in Sustainable Mining Engineering: 3D Convergence and Surface Changes in Chamber Excavation in CH Salt Mine “Wieliczka” |
| title_fullStr | TLS in Sustainable Mining Engineering: 3D Convergence and Surface Changes in Chamber Excavation in CH Salt Mine “Wieliczka” |
| title_full_unstemmed | TLS in Sustainable Mining Engineering: 3D Convergence and Surface Changes in Chamber Excavation in CH Salt Mine “Wieliczka” |
| title_short | TLS in Sustainable Mining Engineering: 3D Convergence and Surface Changes in Chamber Excavation in CH Salt Mine “Wieliczka” |
| title_sort | tls in sustainable mining engineering 3d convergence and surface changes in chamber excavation in ch salt mine wieliczka |
| topic | mining excavation convergence TLS in excavation measurements point cloud comparison convergence analysis Wieliczka Salt Mine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6489/5/1/15 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pelagiagawronek tlsinsustainableminingengineering3dconvergenceandsurfacechangesinchamberexcavationinchsaltminewieliczka AT andrzejkwinta tlsinsustainableminingengineering3dconvergenceandsurfacechangesinchamberexcavationinchsaltminewieliczka AT kamilsajdak tlsinsustainableminingengineering3dconvergenceandsurfacechangesinchamberexcavationinchsaltminewieliczka AT piotrkoczwara tlsinsustainableminingengineering3dconvergenceandsurfacechangesinchamberexcavationinchsaltminewieliczka |