The effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: maternal parenting practices as moderators

BackgroundDepressive symptoms is extremely prevalent in college students nowadays. It can cause long-term suffering and may even lead to suicidal ideation. It has been indicated by research that depression is related to a variety of psychosocial factors, the most notable being neuroticism and parent...

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Main Authors: Bao Zhao, Xiaoyu Wang, Xinyao Jiang, Ruixue Zhuang, Jiaqi Li, Nian Ji, Dengting Boyanton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1584212/full
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author Bao Zhao
Xiaoyu Wang
Xinyao Jiang
Ruixue Zhuang
Jiaqi Li
Nian Ji
Dengting Boyanton
author_facet Bao Zhao
Xiaoyu Wang
Xinyao Jiang
Ruixue Zhuang
Jiaqi Li
Nian Ji
Dengting Boyanton
author_sort Bao Zhao
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundDepressive symptoms is extremely prevalent in college students nowadays. It can cause long-term suffering and may even lead to suicidal ideation. It has been indicated by research that depression is related to a variety of psychosocial factors, the most notable being neuroticism and parenting. However, the underlying mechanisms of these variables have remained unclear. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the interaction between maternal parenting practices and neuroticism and its effects on depression.MethodA total of 2,692 undergraduate students were enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation from four universities located in Shandong Province, China. Participants filled simplified versions of the Big Five Personality Inventory, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Self-Rating Depressive Symptoms Scale. After eliminating entries with incomplete values, the dataset comprised 2,588 complete responses for analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using SPSS 22.0 and the PROCESS macro for data analysis.ResultsThe results indicated that both neuroticism (r = 0.572, p < 0.001) and maternal control factor (r = 0.253, p < 0.001) displayed strong positive correlation with depression; whereas maternal care factor (r = −0.402, p < 0.001) and maternal encouraging autonomy factor (r = −0.345, p < 0.001) are negatively correlated with depression. Additionally, neuroticism demonstrated a significant direct effect on depression (β = 0.571, p < 0.001). Moderation models were employed to examine the relationship between depression, maternal parenting practices, and neuroticism. Specifically, a high level of maternal care (ΔR2 = 0.001, p = 0.046) and maternal encouraging autonomy (ΔR2 = 0.0046, p = 0.004) significantly weakened the connections between neuroticism and depression, while an elevated level of maternal control enhanced the relationship between neuroticism and depression (ΔR2 = 0.0019, p = 0.038).ConclusionThis study presents initial evidence for the moderating role of maternal parenting practices in the neuroticism-depression association. These results may facilitate the development of targeted intervention protocols tailored to university student subgroups based on different socioeconomic demographic characteristics and personality profiles.
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spelling doaj-art-b7fcc430e58244a6910b0be91a515fea2025-08-20T03:31:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-06-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15842121584212The effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: maternal parenting practices as moderatorsBao Zhao0Xiaoyu Wang1Xinyao Jiang2Ruixue Zhuang3Jiaqi Li4Nian Ji5Dengting Boyanton6School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaColumbus Academy, Gahanna, OH, United StatesStudent Mental Health and Education Center, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China171 SIG Chair, American Educational Research Association (AERA), Washington, DC, United StatesBackgroundDepressive symptoms is extremely prevalent in college students nowadays. It can cause long-term suffering and may even lead to suicidal ideation. It has been indicated by research that depression is related to a variety of psychosocial factors, the most notable being neuroticism and parenting. However, the underlying mechanisms of these variables have remained unclear. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the interaction between maternal parenting practices and neuroticism and its effects on depression.MethodA total of 2,692 undergraduate students were enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation from four universities located in Shandong Province, China. Participants filled simplified versions of the Big Five Personality Inventory, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Self-Rating Depressive Symptoms Scale. After eliminating entries with incomplete values, the dataset comprised 2,588 complete responses for analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using SPSS 22.0 and the PROCESS macro for data analysis.ResultsThe results indicated that both neuroticism (r = 0.572, p < 0.001) and maternal control factor (r = 0.253, p < 0.001) displayed strong positive correlation with depression; whereas maternal care factor (r = −0.402, p < 0.001) and maternal encouraging autonomy factor (r = −0.345, p < 0.001) are negatively correlated with depression. Additionally, neuroticism demonstrated a significant direct effect on depression (β = 0.571, p < 0.001). Moderation models were employed to examine the relationship between depression, maternal parenting practices, and neuroticism. Specifically, a high level of maternal care (ΔR2 = 0.001, p = 0.046) and maternal encouraging autonomy (ΔR2 = 0.0046, p = 0.004) significantly weakened the connections between neuroticism and depression, while an elevated level of maternal control enhanced the relationship between neuroticism and depression (ΔR2 = 0.0019, p = 0.038).ConclusionThis study presents initial evidence for the moderating role of maternal parenting practices in the neuroticism-depression association. These results may facilitate the development of targeted intervention protocols tailored to university student subgroups based on different socioeconomic demographic characteristics and personality profiles.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1584212/fullneuroticismdepressive symptomscollege studentsmaternal parenting practicesmoderation
spellingShingle Bao Zhao
Xiaoyu Wang
Xinyao Jiang
Ruixue Zhuang
Jiaqi Li
Nian Ji
Dengting Boyanton
The effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: maternal parenting practices as moderators
Frontiers in Psychology
neuroticism
depressive symptoms
college students
maternal parenting practices
moderation
title The effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: maternal parenting practices as moderators
title_full The effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: maternal parenting practices as moderators
title_fullStr The effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: maternal parenting practices as moderators
title_full_unstemmed The effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: maternal parenting practices as moderators
title_short The effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: maternal parenting practices as moderators
title_sort effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms in chinese college students maternal parenting practices as moderators
topic neuroticism
depressive symptoms
college students
maternal parenting practices
moderation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1584212/full
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