Higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputs

Abstract Neural determinants explaining the asymmetrical force and skill observed in limb dominance still need to be comprehensively investigated. To address this gap, we recorded myoelectrical activity from biceps brachii using high-density surface electromyography in twenty participants, identifyi...

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Main Authors: Edoardo Lecce, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Stefano Nuccio, Francesco Felici, Ilenia Bazzucchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92737-8
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author Edoardo Lecce
Alessandro Del Vecchio
Stefano Nuccio
Francesco Felici
Ilenia Bazzucchi
author_facet Edoardo Lecce
Alessandro Del Vecchio
Stefano Nuccio
Francesco Felici
Ilenia Bazzucchi
author_sort Edoardo Lecce
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Neural determinants explaining the asymmetrical force and skill observed in limb dominance still need to be comprehensively investigated. To address this gap, we recorded myoelectrical activity from biceps brachii using high-density surface electromyography in twenty participants, identifying the maximal voluntary force (MVF) and performing isometric ramp contractions at 35% and 70%MVF and sustained contractions at 10%MVF. Motor unit discharge characteristics were assessed during ramp contractions, the proportion of common synaptic input to motoneurons was calculated with coherence analysis, and the firing rate hysteresis (∆F) was used to estimate spinal motoneuron intrinsic properties. The dominant limbs presented a greater MVF compared to the non-dominant side (+ 9%, p = 0.001), with similar relative recruitment and derecruitment thresholds of motor units (p > 0.05). The discharge rate was significantly higher on the dominant side (p < 0.001), along with a greater proportion of common synaptic input (+ 14%, p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed in the ∆F (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that greater strength on the dominant side is associated with higher neural drive to muscles due to a greater proportion of common synaptic inputs rather than differences in motoneuron intrinsic properties. These results underscore neural asymmetries at the motor unit level, corresponding to different mechanical outputs underlying limb dominance.
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spelling doaj-art-b7e7d53e0f304c0aba47fba4236746b42025-08-20T02:56:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-92737-8Higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputsEdoardo Lecce0Alessandro Del Vecchio1Stefano Nuccio2Francesco Felici3Ilenia Bazzucchi4Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik (ZIMT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergLaboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”Abstract Neural determinants explaining the asymmetrical force and skill observed in limb dominance still need to be comprehensively investigated. To address this gap, we recorded myoelectrical activity from biceps brachii using high-density surface electromyography in twenty participants, identifying the maximal voluntary force (MVF) and performing isometric ramp contractions at 35% and 70%MVF and sustained contractions at 10%MVF. Motor unit discharge characteristics were assessed during ramp contractions, the proportion of common synaptic input to motoneurons was calculated with coherence analysis, and the firing rate hysteresis (∆F) was used to estimate spinal motoneuron intrinsic properties. The dominant limbs presented a greater MVF compared to the non-dominant side (+ 9%, p = 0.001), with similar relative recruitment and derecruitment thresholds of motor units (p > 0.05). The discharge rate was significantly higher on the dominant side (p < 0.001), along with a greater proportion of common synaptic input (+ 14%, p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed in the ∆F (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that greater strength on the dominant side is associated with higher neural drive to muscles due to a greater proportion of common synaptic inputs rather than differences in motoneuron intrinsic properties. These results underscore neural asymmetries at the motor unit level, corresponding to different mechanical outputs underlying limb dominance.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92737-8
spellingShingle Edoardo Lecce
Alessandro Del Vecchio
Stefano Nuccio
Francesco Felici
Ilenia Bazzucchi
Higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputs
Scientific Reports
title Higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputs
title_full Higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputs
title_fullStr Higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputs
title_full_unstemmed Higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputs
title_short Higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputs
title_sort higher dominant muscle strength is mediated by motor unit discharge rates and proportion of common synaptic inputs
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92737-8
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