Source Identification and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallot Fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Shallots have been widely planted as the primary commodity crop in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Information on the distribution of heavy metals in the shallot fields of Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, is not yet available. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify the c...
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3197361 |
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| author | Triyani Dewi Edhi Martono Eko Hanudin Rika Harini |
| author_facet | Triyani Dewi Edhi Martono Eko Hanudin Rika Harini |
| author_sort | Triyani Dewi |
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| description | Shallots have been widely planted as the primary commodity crop in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Information on the distribution of heavy metals in the shallot fields of Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, is not yet available. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify the concentration and spatial distribution of several heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni) and their possible sources in the shallot fields through a field survey and a series of laboratory and statistical tests. The total concentration of heavy metals was analyzed from 184 sampling points of the shallot fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, during the dry season from August to October 2019. The heavy metals concentration was as follows: Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd. The values of total Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni concentrations in the soils were 7.84–18.94, 0.99–2.31, 3.02–9.98, 10.40–49.55, and 10.17–26.62 mg kg−1, respectively. All these concentration values of heavy metals are still lower than the critical values for agricultural soils and lower than the topsoil background values except Cd. Based on the concentration of heavy metals, the shallot fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, are classified as uncontaminated soils. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses were employed to determine and describe the metals’ origin. Pb, Cr, and Ni mainly originate from a natural source, while Cd and Co are from anthropogenic sources (agricultural practices and industry). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b7e654aa0a6844e9b88ff07fec9908ff |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1687-7667 1687-7675 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| series | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-b7e654aa0a6844e9b88ff07fec9908ff2025-08-20T02:19:19ZengWileyApplied and Environmental Soil Science1687-76671687-76752021-01-01202110.1155/2021/31973613197361Source Identification and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallot Fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, IndonesiaTriyani Dewi0Edhi Martono1Eko Hanudin2Rika Harini3Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute, Jl. Jakenan-Jaken PO.BOX 05, Pati, Central Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaShallots have been widely planted as the primary commodity crop in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Information on the distribution of heavy metals in the shallot fields of Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, is not yet available. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify the concentration and spatial distribution of several heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni) and their possible sources in the shallot fields through a field survey and a series of laboratory and statistical tests. The total concentration of heavy metals was analyzed from 184 sampling points of the shallot fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, during the dry season from August to October 2019. The heavy metals concentration was as follows: Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd. The values of total Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni concentrations in the soils were 7.84–18.94, 0.99–2.31, 3.02–9.98, 10.40–49.55, and 10.17–26.62 mg kg−1, respectively. All these concentration values of heavy metals are still lower than the critical values for agricultural soils and lower than the topsoil background values except Cd. Based on the concentration of heavy metals, the shallot fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, are classified as uncontaminated soils. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses were employed to determine and describe the metals’ origin. Pb, Cr, and Ni mainly originate from a natural source, while Cd and Co are from anthropogenic sources (agricultural practices and industry).http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3197361 |
| spellingShingle | Triyani Dewi Edhi Martono Eko Hanudin Rika Harini Source Identification and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallot Fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| title | Source Identification and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallot Fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_full | Source Identification and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallot Fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Source Identification and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallot Fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Source Identification and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallot Fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_short | Source Identification and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Shallot Fields in Brebes Regency, Central Java, Indonesia |
| title_sort | source identification and spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in shallot fields in brebes regency central java indonesia |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3197361 |
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