Syringe Access, Syringe Sharing, and Perceptions of HCV: A Qualitative Study Exploring the HCV Risk Environment in Rural Northern New England, United States

The ongoing hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic in the United States disproportionately affects rural people who inject drugs (PWID). This study explores the HCV risk environment in rural northern New England by examining PWID experiences and perceptions of HCV and injection equipment-sharing practices...

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Main Authors: Eric Romo, Elyse Bianchet, Patrick Dowd, Kathleen M. Mazor, Thomas J. Stopka, Peter D. Friedmann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-08-01
Series:Viruses
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/9/1364
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author Eric Romo
Elyse Bianchet
Patrick Dowd
Kathleen M. Mazor
Thomas J. Stopka
Peter D. Friedmann
author_facet Eric Romo
Elyse Bianchet
Patrick Dowd
Kathleen M. Mazor
Thomas J. Stopka
Peter D. Friedmann
author_sort Eric Romo
collection DOAJ
description The ongoing hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic in the United States disproportionately affects rural people who inject drugs (PWID). This study explores the HCV risk environment in rural northern New England by examining PWID experiences and perceptions of HCV and injection equipment-sharing practices. We performed a thematic analysis on semi-structured interviews conducted with 21 adults with a history of injection drug use from rural New Hampshire, Vermont, and Massachusetts between April 2018 and August 2019. Salient themes included: (1) limited and varied access to sterile syringe sources; (2) syringe scarcity contributing to the use of informal syringe sources (e.g., secondary syringe exchange or syringe sellers who purchased syringes from out-of-state pharmacies); (3) syringe scarcity contributing to syringe sharing; (4) linkages among decisions about syringe sharing and perceptions of HCV risk, HCV status, and interpersonal trust; and (5) confusion and misconceptions about HCV, including difficulty learning one’s HCV status, inadequate HCV education, and misconceptions regarding HCV transmission and treatment. Efforts to prevent and eliminate HCV among rural PWID should expand syringe access, increase awareness of HCV as a serious but preventable risk, and acknowledge social connections as potential influences on syringe access and syringe-sharing decisions.
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spelling doaj-art-b7e5fc8d72cd4f10bc845113e5147ed62025-08-20T01:56:13ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-08-01169136410.3390/v16091364Syringe Access, Syringe Sharing, and Perceptions of HCV: A Qualitative Study Exploring the HCV Risk Environment in Rural Northern New England, United StatesEric Romo0Elyse Bianchet1Patrick Dowd2Kathleen M. Mazor3Thomas J. Stopka4Peter D. Friedmann5Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USAOffice of Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School—Baystate, Springfield, MA 01199, USAOffice of Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School—Baystate, Springfield, MA 01199, USADepartment of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USADepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USAOffice of Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School—Baystate, Springfield, MA 01199, USAThe ongoing hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic in the United States disproportionately affects rural people who inject drugs (PWID). This study explores the HCV risk environment in rural northern New England by examining PWID experiences and perceptions of HCV and injection equipment-sharing practices. We performed a thematic analysis on semi-structured interviews conducted with 21 adults with a history of injection drug use from rural New Hampshire, Vermont, and Massachusetts between April 2018 and August 2019. Salient themes included: (1) limited and varied access to sterile syringe sources; (2) syringe scarcity contributing to the use of informal syringe sources (e.g., secondary syringe exchange or syringe sellers who purchased syringes from out-of-state pharmacies); (3) syringe scarcity contributing to syringe sharing; (4) linkages among decisions about syringe sharing and perceptions of HCV risk, HCV status, and interpersonal trust; and (5) confusion and misconceptions about HCV, including difficulty learning one’s HCV status, inadequate HCV education, and misconceptions regarding HCV transmission and treatment. Efforts to prevent and eliminate HCV among rural PWID should expand syringe access, increase awareness of HCV as a serious but preventable risk, and acknowledge social connections as potential influences on syringe access and syringe-sharing decisions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/9/1364ruralhepatitis C virusrisk environmentinjection drug useharm reductionsyringe sharing
spellingShingle Eric Romo
Elyse Bianchet
Patrick Dowd
Kathleen M. Mazor
Thomas J. Stopka
Peter D. Friedmann
Syringe Access, Syringe Sharing, and Perceptions of HCV: A Qualitative Study Exploring the HCV Risk Environment in Rural Northern New England, United States
Viruses
rural
hepatitis C virus
risk environment
injection drug use
harm reduction
syringe sharing
title Syringe Access, Syringe Sharing, and Perceptions of HCV: A Qualitative Study Exploring the HCV Risk Environment in Rural Northern New England, United States
title_full Syringe Access, Syringe Sharing, and Perceptions of HCV: A Qualitative Study Exploring the HCV Risk Environment in Rural Northern New England, United States
title_fullStr Syringe Access, Syringe Sharing, and Perceptions of HCV: A Qualitative Study Exploring the HCV Risk Environment in Rural Northern New England, United States
title_full_unstemmed Syringe Access, Syringe Sharing, and Perceptions of HCV: A Qualitative Study Exploring the HCV Risk Environment in Rural Northern New England, United States
title_short Syringe Access, Syringe Sharing, and Perceptions of HCV: A Qualitative Study Exploring the HCV Risk Environment in Rural Northern New England, United States
title_sort syringe access syringe sharing and perceptions of hcv a qualitative study exploring the hcv risk environment in rural northern new england united states
topic rural
hepatitis C virus
risk environment
injection drug use
harm reduction
syringe sharing
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/9/1364
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