Profiling Hydrophilic <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> Seed Extracts: A Study of European Cultivar Variability

<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> (CP) seeds are traditionally used to alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and overactive bladder. While these effects are often attributed to lipophilic constituents, recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic pote...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Adina-Elena Grasu, Roman Senn, Christiane Halbsguth, Alexander Schenk, Veronika Butterweck, Anca Miron
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2308
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849770533041733632
author Adina-Elena Grasu
Roman Senn
Christiane Halbsguth
Alexander Schenk
Veronika Butterweck
Anca Miron
author_facet Adina-Elena Grasu
Roman Senn
Christiane Halbsguth
Alexander Schenk
Veronika Butterweck
Anca Miron
author_sort Adina-Elena Grasu
collection DOAJ
description <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> (CP) seeds are traditionally used to alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and overactive bladder. While these effects are often attributed to lipophilic constituents, recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of oil-free hydroethanolic extracts. However, their composition remains insufficiently characterized, considering the species’ significant phenotypic and phytochemical variability. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of hydrophilic hydroethanolic seed extracts from ten CP cultivars originating from different European regions, with a focus on compositional variability. The elemental composition, along with primary and secondary metabolites, was analyzed using established spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. The extracts showed considerable variation in protein (45.39 to 114.58 mg/g dw) and free amino acid content (46.51 to 111.10 mg/g dw), as well as differences in elemental composition. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns, with several samples displaying metabolite profiles comparable to the <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> var. <i>styriaca</i> variety currently recommended by the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) and the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). These findings open the possibility of using other CP varieties as alternative sources for extract preparation and offer novel insights into the composition of less explored hydrophilic extracts derived from CP seeds.
format Article
id doaj-art-b7dfff9b16fe4001aa6d1d21c2e89a69
institution DOAJ
issn 2223-7747
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Plants
spelling doaj-art-b7dfff9b16fe4001aa6d1d21c2e89a692025-08-20T03:02:58ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-07-011415230810.3390/plants14152308Profiling Hydrophilic <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> Seed Extracts: A Study of European Cultivar VariabilityAdina-Elena Grasu0Roman Senn1Christiane Halbsguth2Alexander Schenk3Veronika Butterweck4Anca Miron5Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaMax Zeller & Söhne AG, Seeblickstrasse 4, 8590 Romanshorn, SwitzerlandMax Zeller & Söhne AG, Seeblickstrasse 4, 8590 Romanshorn, SwitzerlandMax Zeller & Söhne AG, Seeblickstrasse 4, 8590 Romanshorn, SwitzerlandMax Zeller & Söhne AG, Seeblickstrasse 4, 8590 Romanshorn, SwitzerlandDepartment of Pharmacognosy-Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> (CP) seeds are traditionally used to alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and overactive bladder. While these effects are often attributed to lipophilic constituents, recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of oil-free hydroethanolic extracts. However, their composition remains insufficiently characterized, considering the species’ significant phenotypic and phytochemical variability. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of hydrophilic hydroethanolic seed extracts from ten CP cultivars originating from different European regions, with a focus on compositional variability. The elemental composition, along with primary and secondary metabolites, was analyzed using established spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. The extracts showed considerable variation in protein (45.39 to 114.58 mg/g dw) and free amino acid content (46.51 to 111.10 mg/g dw), as well as differences in elemental composition. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns, with several samples displaying metabolite profiles comparable to the <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> var. <i>styriaca</i> variety currently recommended by the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) and the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). These findings open the possibility of using other CP varieties as alternative sources for extract preparation and offer novel insights into the composition of less explored hydrophilic extracts derived from CP seeds.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2308<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>lignanscucurbitintrigonellineraffinosestachyose
spellingShingle Adina-Elena Grasu
Roman Senn
Christiane Halbsguth
Alexander Schenk
Veronika Butterweck
Anca Miron
Profiling Hydrophilic <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> Seed Extracts: A Study of European Cultivar Variability
Plants
<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>
lignans
cucurbitin
trigonelline
raffinose
stachyose
title Profiling Hydrophilic <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> Seed Extracts: A Study of European Cultivar Variability
title_full Profiling Hydrophilic <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> Seed Extracts: A Study of European Cultivar Variability
title_fullStr Profiling Hydrophilic <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> Seed Extracts: A Study of European Cultivar Variability
title_full_unstemmed Profiling Hydrophilic <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> Seed Extracts: A Study of European Cultivar Variability
title_short Profiling Hydrophilic <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> Seed Extracts: A Study of European Cultivar Variability
title_sort profiling hydrophilic i cucurbita pepo i seed extracts a study of european cultivar variability
topic <i>Cucurbita pepo</i>
lignans
cucurbitin
trigonelline
raffinose
stachyose
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2308
work_keys_str_mv AT adinaelenagrasu profilinghydrophilicicucurbitapepoiseedextractsastudyofeuropeancultivarvariability
AT romansenn profilinghydrophilicicucurbitapepoiseedextractsastudyofeuropeancultivarvariability
AT christianehalbsguth profilinghydrophilicicucurbitapepoiseedextractsastudyofeuropeancultivarvariability
AT alexanderschenk profilinghydrophilicicucurbitapepoiseedextractsastudyofeuropeancultivarvariability
AT veronikabutterweck profilinghydrophilicicucurbitapepoiseedextractsastudyofeuropeancultivarvariability
AT ancamiron profilinghydrophilicicucurbitapepoiseedextractsastudyofeuropeancultivarvariability