Dual function of Desmidorchis retrospiciens-derived gold nanoparticles as antibacterial and osteoinductive agent for treating osteomyelitis

IntroductionOsteomyelitis is a chronic inflammation of bone due to pathogenic infection mainly by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Osteomyelitis can cause severe bone damage and pathologic fractures, which subsequently result in a high physical disability rate. Thus, a therapeutic...

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Main Authors: Basem M. Abdallah, Peramaiyan Rajendran, Enas M. Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1633245/full
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author Basem M. Abdallah
Basem M. Abdallah
Peramaiyan Rajendran
Peramaiyan Rajendran
Enas M. Ali
Enas M. Ali
author_facet Basem M. Abdallah
Basem M. Abdallah
Peramaiyan Rajendran
Peramaiyan Rajendran
Enas M. Ali
Enas M. Ali
author_sort Basem M. Abdallah
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionOsteomyelitis is a chronic inflammation of bone due to pathogenic infection mainly by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Osteomyelitis can cause severe bone damage and pathologic fractures, which subsequently result in a high physical disability rate. Thus, a therapeutic agent with antibacterial and bone regenerative activities can be effective for managing osteomyelitis.MethodsWe phyto-fabricated gold nanoparticles using plant extract from Desmidorchis retrospiciens (DR-AuNPs) and examined their antibacterial and osteoinductive activities. The biosynthesis of DR-AuNPs was confirmed with several characterization techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Biofilm assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis were used to examine the antibacterial effect of DR-AuNPs. In vitro and ex vivo cell biology assays were used to study the osteoinductive effect of DR-AuNPs.ResultsDR-AuNPs displayed substantial antibacterial activity against MRSA-induced osteomyelitis by increasing ROS production, membrane leakage, membrane permeability, and disruption of surface structure in the MRSA. Several anti-biofilm assays and electron microscopic studies have demonstrated the efficacy of DR-AuNPs in significantly inhibiting the formation of MRSA biofilm. Interestingly, DR-AuNPs were also found to promote the lineage commitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts in vitro and to enhance their capacity for ectopic bone formation in vivo without causing any cell toxicity.DiscussionOur data provide green DR-AuNPs with dual antibacterial and osteoinductive activities, making them a promising bioactive agent for managing osteomyelitis.
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spelling doaj-art-b7d9db62858c4aeb91c993c0b7cbf3f22025-08-20T03:56:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-08-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.16332451633245Dual function of Desmidorchis retrospiciens-derived gold nanoparticles as antibacterial and osteoinductive agent for treating osteomyelitisBasem M. Abdallah0Basem M. Abdallah1Peramaiyan Rajendran2Peramaiyan Rajendran3Enas M. Ali4Enas M. Ali5Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaKing Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaKing Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaKing Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIntroductionOsteomyelitis is a chronic inflammation of bone due to pathogenic infection mainly by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Osteomyelitis can cause severe bone damage and pathologic fractures, which subsequently result in a high physical disability rate. Thus, a therapeutic agent with antibacterial and bone regenerative activities can be effective for managing osteomyelitis.MethodsWe phyto-fabricated gold nanoparticles using plant extract from Desmidorchis retrospiciens (DR-AuNPs) and examined their antibacterial and osteoinductive activities. The biosynthesis of DR-AuNPs was confirmed with several characterization techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Biofilm assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis were used to examine the antibacterial effect of DR-AuNPs. In vitro and ex vivo cell biology assays were used to study the osteoinductive effect of DR-AuNPs.ResultsDR-AuNPs displayed substantial antibacterial activity against MRSA-induced osteomyelitis by increasing ROS production, membrane leakage, membrane permeability, and disruption of surface structure in the MRSA. Several anti-biofilm assays and electron microscopic studies have demonstrated the efficacy of DR-AuNPs in significantly inhibiting the formation of MRSA biofilm. Interestingly, DR-AuNPs were also found to promote the lineage commitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts in vitro and to enhance their capacity for ectopic bone formation in vivo without causing any cell toxicity.DiscussionOur data provide green DR-AuNPs with dual antibacterial and osteoinductive activities, making them a promising bioactive agent for managing osteomyelitis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1633245/fullgold nanoparticlesdisabilityosteomyelitisosteoinductiveantibacterialMRSA
spellingShingle Basem M. Abdallah
Basem M. Abdallah
Peramaiyan Rajendran
Peramaiyan Rajendran
Enas M. Ali
Enas M. Ali
Dual function of Desmidorchis retrospiciens-derived gold nanoparticles as antibacterial and osteoinductive agent for treating osteomyelitis
Frontiers in Microbiology
gold nanoparticles
disability
osteomyelitis
osteoinductive
antibacterial
MRSA
title Dual function of Desmidorchis retrospiciens-derived gold nanoparticles as antibacterial and osteoinductive agent for treating osteomyelitis
title_full Dual function of Desmidorchis retrospiciens-derived gold nanoparticles as antibacterial and osteoinductive agent for treating osteomyelitis
title_fullStr Dual function of Desmidorchis retrospiciens-derived gold nanoparticles as antibacterial and osteoinductive agent for treating osteomyelitis
title_full_unstemmed Dual function of Desmidorchis retrospiciens-derived gold nanoparticles as antibacterial and osteoinductive agent for treating osteomyelitis
title_short Dual function of Desmidorchis retrospiciens-derived gold nanoparticles as antibacterial and osteoinductive agent for treating osteomyelitis
title_sort dual function of desmidorchis retrospiciens derived gold nanoparticles as antibacterial and osteoinductive agent for treating osteomyelitis
topic gold nanoparticles
disability
osteomyelitis
osteoinductive
antibacterial
MRSA
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1633245/full
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